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By Alfred I. Schwartz and Sumner N. Clarren

"The Cincinnati Team Policing Experiment" by Alfred I. Schwartz and Sumner N. Clarren presents a comprehensive analysis of the innovative strategies employed in law enforcement. Through a detailed examination of the Cincinnati Police Department's pioneering approach to community policing, the authors shed light on the complexities and outcomes of this groundbreaking initiative. This book serves as a vital resource for academics, policymakers, and law enforcement professionals seeking to understand the challenges and opportunities associated with modern policing practices.

The Urban Institute Police Foundation, 1977, 78 pages

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By Susan Ehrlich Martin

Breaking and Entering: Policewomen on Patrol explores the problems women face beginning a career in the traditionally male-oriented profession of police work, and the ways they have learned to deal with these problems.

University of California Press, 1980, 284 pages

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By Peter Scharf & Arnold Binder

The book discusses reforms that must be instituted to control police use of deadly force, and to establish an equitable balance of risk to protect police officers (from being hurt by armed citizens) and citizens (from being erroneously shot by police). It begins with an examination of the effects of social forces on the police, psychological characteristics of individual officers, and the problems of management and control on decision-making by individual officers, all illustrated by examples of deadly-force encounters from investigations in Newark, Miami, Birmingham and Oakland. There is a discussion of the various purposes guns serve in police activities, the cultural marriage of guns with policing, and the variety of armed confrontations faced by police officers. The traditional view that police officers' behavior can be adequately understood in terms of the final armed encounter is discredited. A comparison involving the personality profiles of some officers who have shot often and some who have rarely fired explores the role of human emotions and moral judgment in these confrontations. The text also analyzes the impact of police administrative policies upon decisions to shoot or not shoot. A final chapter examines how police departments might control unnecessary use of deadly force. (NCJRS, modified).

Praeger, 1983, 260 pages