MAY CONTAIN MARKUP

Joycelyn M. Pollock-Byrne

FROM THE FOREWORD: “…From this analysis, several important findings are evident, including: the existence of competing paradigms in research on women offenders; the possibility that women suffer more in prison than men, despite the appearance of "softer" treatment; the inappropriateness of using programs designed for men in women's facilities; the likelthood that recent higher rates of female incarceration are due more to sentencing practices than increased levels of crime; the development of a unique subculture among women Inmates, and finally, the importance of children in the majority of women inmate's lives. Through her comprehensive review, PollockByrne has done an admirable job of clarifying these findings, and providing sensible altematives to a very complex set of circumstances. This work will provide valuable guidance to both students and practitioners in the development of future policles with respect to women's prisons and the treatment of women prisoners.”

Brooks/Cole Publishing Company Pacific Grove, California. 1990. 204p.

MAY CONTAIN MARKUP

DAVID A. WARD AND AND GENE C. KASSEBAUM

FROM THE PREFACE:” This study began with our interest in gathering data on women in prison to see whether there were female prisoner types consistent with the reported characteristics of male prisoners. Early in the course of this study it became apparent that the most salient distinction to be made among the female inmates was between those who were and those who were not engaged in homosexual behavior in prison, and further, of those who were so involved, between the incumbents of "masculine" and "feminine" roles. Compared to the sociological literature on men's prisons, little is known about the social organization of the women's prison, and with the exception of the Gluecks' Five Hundred Delinquent Women, (1934), virtually no systematically collected empirical data on female prisoners have been published.”

ALDINE Publishing Company/Chicago. 1965. 281p.

By Elizabeth J. Force

FROM THE ABSTRADT: “The sexual revolution (generally characterized as a liberalization in sexual attitudes and behavior) has been much publicized in both the scientific and popular literature. The present study is an attempt to measure the awareness of and responsiveness to sex in college freshmen and sophomore women who have presumably been exposed to this liberalization movement. Responsiveness to sexual stimuli was Investigated using three techniques. (1) The Draw A Person Test and (2) a Sentence Completion Test designed to elicit sexual material were administered to one hundred and four freshmen and eighty-one sophomore women. From this group, forty freshmen and forty sophomore women--designated as high or low sex responders--were tested in (3) a binocular rivalry stereoscopic situation for perception of sex words…”

Michigan. IL. Michigan State University. M.A. Thesis.. 1967. 57p.

By Albert R. Gilgen

FROM TE ABSTRACT: “According to the theory of cognitive controls (Klein, 1951), leveling-sharpening represents an important dimension of cognitive structure. It is believed that memory traces of previous stimuli fuse or assimilate, and that they do so more for some individuals (levelers) than others (sharpeners). This supposedly leads the former to differentiate less among successive stimuli than the latter. The Squares Test, designed by Holman and Klein (1951), generally serves as the criterion task for the concept leveling-sharpening. The test consists of a series of 150 squares of light projected successively onto a black screen in an almost completely darkened room. The squares range in size from 1.2 to 13.7 inches and the series is made up of 10 overlapping subseries. Subseries 1 involves the 5 smallest sizes (presented in 3 different orders), and the series progresses in stepwise fashion from the smallest to the largest squares so that Subseries 10 includes only the 5 largest sized squares. Subjects (Ss) are required to estimate the size of each square…”

Michigan. Illinois. Michigan State University. Dissertation. 1965. 149p.

By Barbara A. Rockell

FROM THE COVER: “ Barbara Rockell's beautifully readable book offers representative narratives of the careers of women who gravitate through the revolving doors of our jails. In these "bittersweet" accounts Rockell highlights heretofore neglected observations drawn from the lives of these women, such as the fact that one "witnesses] among them choice; rationality; and, more important, a great deal of resilience." Although Rockell's monograph includes painstaking reviews of the published scholarship in sociology, women's studies, and criminology, her perspective is both original and credible, and this combination makes her book not only a great read but a refreshing source of ideas and an indispensable addendum to the literature.” -Hans Toch, PhD, Distinguished Professor, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany

Washington, DC. American Psychological Association. 2008. 230.

By Anne Campbell

FROM THE JACKET: “Why are men more aggressive than women? To find out, psychologist and criminologist Anne Campbell listened to the voices of ordinary men and women, as well as people for whom aggression is a central fact of life--robbers and gang members. The answer, she argues, lies not only in biology or in child rearing but in how men and women form opinions about their own aggression. Women believe their aggression results from a loss of self-control, while men see their behavior as a means of gaining control over others. Daughters are deeply ashamed when they get angry, but sons learn to associate aggression with integrity, courage, and triumph.

Campbell shows how men's and women's different views of anger and restraint profoundly affect their actions--from rage in marriage to violence in the streets--and what this means for us all. The misreading of the meaning of aggression drives a wedge between the sexes, affecting everything from their ability to communicate with each other to the way that traditionally male-dominated spheres such as law or medicine pathologize and punish women's aggression.”

NY. Basic Books. 1993. 208p.

By Russell P. Dobash, R. Emerson Dobash and Sue Gutteridge

FROM CHAPTER 1; “The imprisonment of women in Britain and the United States today reflects the end product of a process that has its roots in early nineteenth-century British prisons. Confining women and men in prisons, asylums and workhouses was thought to be the best way of dealing with many of the problems that beset society including social unrest and crime. A prison was meant to be a world that would lead to physical discipline and moral transformation. From the very beginning, women in prison were treated differently from men, considered more morally depraved and corrupt and in need of special, closer forms of control and confinement. They became a pariah class, separate and distinct from the ideal, chaste and morally correct women of the Victorian era and this continues even today…”

Oxford. Basil Blackwell. 1986. 271p.