By Michael Sherman and Gordon Hawkins

FROM THE PREFACE: “"Don't look back," Satchel Paige advised, "something might be gaining on you." Yet, of necessity, this book regards the future by looking over its shoulder at the past. In any consideration of the social institution of imprisonment especially in any attempt to change it--the weight of history must be placed in the balance. The recentexcellent works of David Rothman, Michel Foucault, and Michael Ignatieff have confirmed the importance of a historical perspective on any era's policy prescriptions.

This is, however, explicitly a policy book. In Chapter 5, the analysis of the past is allowed to inform some recommendations which mesh liberal and conservative views. Although in some cases we have been driven back to original sources, this is not a work of primary social history in which lessons are inferred from a mass of detail. Ours is an idiosyncratic view of the constraints imposed by traditions on future choices, and its policy lessons are not shared by many of the historians on whose work we have tried to build.”

Chicago and London. The University of Chicago Press. 1981. 156p.

Edited by Nicolette Parisi

From Chapter 1: “Imprisonment generates some degree of pressure in each and every inmate. Prison pressures may lead inmates to choose one or more strategies of coping with their environment. The array of interactions in prison is a mixture of both pressures and reactions to pressures. In this chapter, we begin by reviewing the prisoner's pressures. The second half of the chapter will focus on alternatives to ameliorate these pressures. Later chapters will present the results from studies of particular pressures and/or coping responses within prison.”

Beverly Hills. Sage. 1982. 161p. CONTAINS MARK-UP

By Robert Johnson

From the cover: “"Hard Time is clearly and passionately written... Here, as in the first edition, Johnson manages to write with care and sympathy for the prisoners, but without sentimentality. He never forgets that they are criminals who deserve punishment, and he does not hesitate to say so. Likewise, he manages to find in the very punitiveness of prisons the possibility of redemption. Indeed, given our society's apparent rage to lock people up in spite of our prisons' grim failure to transform any sizable number of convicts into good citizens, Johnson's approach may be our only hope." —Jeffrey Reiman.

NY. Wadsworth Publishing Company. 1996. 316p. CONTAINS MARK-UP.

By Richard Smith

From the Introduction: In 1774 an Act was passed "for preserving the health of prisoners in gaol," and under that Act local justices were obliged "to appoint an experienced surgeon or apothecary". The surgeon or apothecary was required to be resident and have no practice outside the prison. Thus began the Prison Medical Service, started largely to prevent typhus spreading from the prisons to surrounding communities. Since then the Service has expanded and specialised. It now attempts to provide a comprehensive health service for all prisoners, a rapid medical reporting service to courts, and a good deal of psychiatric help, including a specialised pychiatric prison at Grendon. The Prison Medical Service has, however, been subject to much criticism and, indeed, abuse, especially in recent years.

London. British Medical Journal. 1984. 184p. Book contains mark-up.