By Russell P. Dobash, R. Emerson Dobash and Sue Gutteridge

FROM CHAPTER 1; “The imprisonment of women in Britain and the United States today reflects the end product of a process that has its roots in early nineteenth-century British prisons. Confining women and men in prisons, asylums and workhouses was thought to be the best way of dealing with many of the problems that beset society including social unrest and crime. A prison was meant to be a world that would lead to physical discipline and moral transformation. From the very beginning, women in prison were treated differently from men, considered more morally depraved and corrupt and in need of special, closer forms of control and confinement. They became a pariah class, separate and distinct from the ideal, chaste and morally correct women of the Victorian era and this continues even today…”

Oxford. Basil Blackwell. 1986. 271p.

By Lynne Zimmer

The hiring of women as guards in men’s prisons represents a major breakthrough in women’s efforts to achieve full sexual equality in the workplace. This dramatic social change has required great flexibility on the part of the women guards as well as substantial adjustments by their male counterparts, prison administrators, and the inmates themselves. In the first comprehensive study of this phenomenon, Lynn Zimmer examines the experiences of the women and men involved in the painful process of transition from a segregated to an integrated prison environment. Women Guarding Men is significant not only for its vivid depiction of their trials, but for its contribution to a general theory of women’s occupational and organizational behavior.

Chicago. Univ. Chicago Press. 1986. 278p.

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Edited by Carl R. Doering

FROM THE FOREWORD: “The following monographs were selected from the group describing an experiment in penology made at the Norfolk Prison Colony in Massachu¬setts. Mr. Howard B. Sill, Superintendent of the Colony from 1928 to 1934, organized and directed it. The Bureau of Social Hygiene, Inc., granted funds to the Department of Correction of the Commonwealth for the purpose of employing per¬sons qualified to observe and report upon the reeult8 of the experiment. Later, upon special request, the Bureau agreed to allow part of the grant to be uBed to aid in organizing the ex¬periment. The group employed to observe and help organize the project was later known aa the Re¬search Group, and consisted of men representing many professions and academic disciplines. The members of this group ranged from college pro¬fessors to student assistants and they included sociologists, penologists, psychologists, theo¬logians, engineers, lawyers, physicians, statis¬ticians, and social workers. Almost every one of the group participated in the collection of data and in the presentation of short reports, on various aspects of the experiment. The authors of the following monographs compiled and used material contributed by former and contemporary members of the Research Group but with freedom to select, analyze, and interpret.”

NY. Bureau Of Social Hygiene, Inc. 1940. 290p.

By Daniel Glaser

FROM CHAPETR ONE: “This book is written primarily for organizations that try to change people adjudged delinquent or criminal. It may also prove useful to establishments for persons regarded as addicted, psychotic, retarded, or any other designations of deviance, provided their clients are considered modifiable, so that they may be helped to merit such labels as "reformed." "cured." "rehabilitated," "normal," "educated," "trained," or, minimally, "improved." Our concern is with organizations for example, prisons, probation offices, treatment centers, hospitals, clinics, and training schools- which proclaim that one of their objectives is to make their clients no longer deviant, or less deviant than previously.”

DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 73-9123 Printed 1973. 205p.

By John P. Conrad et al

FROM THE INTRODUCTION: ” A Good pair of simultaneous equations for the student of comparative corrections to keep in mind is:
Interdisciplinary is Good Custodial is Bad.
I mention this algebra now because I intend to subiect the interdisci- plinary concept to an abrasive treatment which may open questions about my loyalties. I believe in these equations. Purely custodial insti- tutions constitute nearly all non-interdisciplinary endeavor in corrections. Custodial correctional practice is making no strides to anywhere.

The Prison Journal. Volume XIV. Number 2. 1964. 49p.

By Daniel Glaser

FROM THE FORWARD: How should this change? Answers to these questions are offered here in describing and assessing the career of Richard A. McGee (1897-1983), who was one of themost successful promoters of ways to control crime, yet always dissatisfied with what he achieved. McGee's work in corrections began in 1931 as director of education in a federal prison. From 1935 to 1941 he supervised New York City penal facilities, then headed the Department of Public Institutions for the state of Washington, and from 1944 until his retirement in 1967, he directed California's state correctional programs. Throughout his years in justice agencies, and in retirement, McGee published extensively, and had numerous national and international offices and honors. This book draws much from his lucid writings.

NY. SUNY Press. 1995. 232p. CONTAINS MARK-UP

By Neil Alan Weiner, Margaret A. Z and Rita J. Sagi

FROM THE PREFACE: W e begin with an introduction that asks the basic question, "What Is Violence?" We invite the reader to review the variety of behavioral vignettes presented there and to reflect upon the definitional elements needed to form a meaningful and useful conception of violence. Part 1 presents an overview of American violence that highlights major trends, both historical and contem- porary. Part 2 explores the major types of interpersonal violent crimes and details their patterns and impacts on the lives of victims. Part 3focuses on collective and political violence and includes narratives of labor and racial strife and discussions of modern terrorism. Part 4 examines the topic of violent behavior within Organizational settings. Part 5 reviews theoretical explanations of interpersonal and collective violence and discusses some important correlates. Part 6 con- cludes with articles on public policy that examine prevention and treatment programs, some of which are controversial.

NY. Harcourt Brace. 1990. 493p. CONTAINS MARK-UP

By Thomas M. Madden And Luther W. Youngdahl.

FROM THE PREFACE: Diligence and care must be exercised in selecting the right kind of sentence to help a defendant become a law-abiding, self-respecting, responsible person. The presentence investigation report, with which this monograph deals, is an indispensable aid to the court in arriving at a sentence that will serve the best interests of the defendant, his family, and society. Recognized authorities in the judicial and correctional fields recommend that apresentence report be preparedon all offenders, regard- less of the nature of the offense.

Division of Probation Administrative Office Of The United States Courts. Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. 1965. 47p.

By Marvin E. Wolfgang

From Chapter 2: “Trying to unravel the skein of complexity called youth is itself a diffi- cult task. T o understand the meaning of violence, a most elusive and generic term, is equally challenging. To describe the combined concepts is acompounded problem. Even the best of our efforts to understand or to control the relationship between youth and violence is fraught with speculation. But to this imperfect description we still grope for ways to treat, process, handle, and control the youth who are violent or appear headed for violent behavior. Among the problems involved in this combined analysis is the ab. sence of sufficient and valid kinds of scientific data. Operational defini- tions of youth violence are not clear, rigorous, or precise except in official police and juvenile court statistics, and these are subject to sam- pling bias and other limits ontheir validity.”

Social and Rehabilitation Service, Youth Development and Delinquency Prevention Administration. 1970. 95p.

Edited by Edwin .I Megargee and Jack E. Hokanson

FROM THE PREFACE: Prefaces usually begin by attempting to convince the reader that the topic the book addresses is important or interesting enough for him to invest his time in reading it. Such an approach is unnecessary for this book, because at this point in our history the relevance of research on aggression and its causes si self-evident. Since 1962, the rate of violent crimes per hundred thousand population in the United States, includ- ing murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault, has increased 5 percent. As these words are written, the nation is embroiled in a protracted war that has already cost 40,000 American lives and many times that many casualties among the populations of North and South Vietnam; moreover, the national involvement in this war is stimulating additional violence on the domestic scene. While the Vietnamese conflict is a major preoccupation for American citizens, this is only one of several dozen wars that have occurred since the end of World War I. Violence and warfare are the most dramatic and extreme forms of aggression, but the inability of people to resolve their differences amicably is also reflected in the spiralling rate of divorce, strikes, turmoil on our campuses, and in the alienation of many segments of our population from one another.

NY. Harper and Row. 1970. 277p. CONTAINS MARK-UP

By John Monahan

From the Foreword by Salem Shah: “

The prediction of dangerous and violent behavior is a topic that continues to be the subiect of much controversy and discussion in the criminal justice and mental health systems. Decision-makers in both systems are frequently called upon or even required to consider the likelihood that particular individuals will or will not engage in future acts of violence against other persons or against themselves. And, not infrequently, the judg- ments that are made can have serious consequences for the individuals concerned-and also for segments of the community that might be placed at risk.”

Beverley Hills, CA. Sage. 1981. 175p. CONTAINS MARK-UP

By Charles Hampden-Turner

From the cover: “Sane Asylum is the true account of San Francisco's De- lancey Street Foundation, where former hookers, junkies, thieves, and murderers operate their own restaurant, mov- ing company, credit union, florist shop, and high school. Author and psycho-sociologist Charles Hampden-Turner came to observe the country's most successful rehabilita- tion center and was so intrigued that he stayed for a year. Recorded here is the human drama of which he became a part; the remoldingof lives and "games" members of the community are required to play searching out their inner selves. He also provides a fascinating portrait of Delancey Street's director, "a charismatic, tough-talking, street character; a macho, irreverent Irish-Bronx ex-con named John Maher. A fascinating account forall readers, Sane Asylum is an affectionate, totally honest look at America's pioneer com- munity in social rehabilitation- one which is succeeding where all the others have failed.”

NY. William Morrow. 1977. 297p.

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By Edward Glover

From the Preface: “When the social historian of the future looks back to the first half of the twentieth century with the detachment that comes with the passage of time, it will by then be apparent that amongst the revolutionary changes to be credited to that period, two at least were of vital importance to the development of humanism: the liberation of psychology from thefetters of aconscious rationalism, and the subsequent emancipation of sociology from the more primitive superstitions and moralistic conceptions of crime. It will also be apparent that this twin movement towards a new liberalism owed its impetus to the researches of a late- Victorian scientist, Sigmund Freud, who first uncovered the unconscious roots ofthat uniquely human reaction which goes by the name of 'guilt' and which is responsible for a brood of moralistic concepts, including those of sin, punishment, expiation and the sacrifice of scapegoats.”

NY. International Universities Press, 1960. 413p.

Edited by Donald R. Cressey

From the cover: “In articles written especially for this book nine social scientists explore the complex social relations between prisoners, guards, administrators, teachers, tradesmen, and professional personnel in prisons. Not only are their insights use- ful in solving the unique problems of prison organization, but the articles also provide a new perspective for under- standing larger societies. One question particularly challenged the researchers: What causes a prisoner to become "hardened" or rehabilitated or to remain unaffected by his prison expe rience: They found that an inmate's be- havior is shaped not so much by his own personality traits as by his relationships with other people and with groups. In fact, many traits of the individual inmates and staff members are properties of the organization - not of the person.”

NY. Holt, Rinehart And Winston. 1961. 400p. CONTAINS MARK-UP

By Teodoro Ayllon And Michael A. Milan With The Assistance Of Michael D. Roberts And John M. Mckee

From the cover: “Behavior modification is one of the newest approaches to correctional rehabilitation and management, challenging traditional thinking about the classification and remediation of the problems experienced by criminals, delinquents, and disturbed persons. How does behavior modification compare with established psychological methods? What principles are followed, and what techniques are used? Have favorable results been achieved by institutions adopting a behavior modification program? This major study answers all these questions and more, concluding that behavior modification has consider- able promise as an effective and ethical approach to rehabilitation and management.”

NY. Wiley. 1979. 293p. CONTAINS MARK-UP

USED. MAY CONTAIN MARK-UP

By Daniel Glaser

From the Foreword: “How have governments dealt with persons convicted of crimes? How should this change? Answers to these questions are offered here in describing and assessing the career of Richard A. McGee (1897-1983), who was one of the most successful promoters of ways to control crime, yet alwaysdissatisfied with what he achieved. McGee's work in corrections began in 1931 as director of education in a federal prison. From 1935 to 1941 he supervised New York City penal facilities, then headed the Department of Public Institutions for the state of Washington, and from 1944 until his retirement in 1967, he directed California's state correctional programs. Throughout his years in justice agencies, and in retirement, McGee published extensively, and had numerous national and international offices and honors. This book draws much from his lucid writings.”

Albany. NY. SUNY Press. 1995. 228p.

By Victoria R. DeRosia

From the Introduction: “In the most simplistic terms, there are three main structuralcomponentsofthe justice system in the United States: law enforcement, courts, and corrections (both institutional and community-based). Additionally, there are other structuralelements thatcomprise the system, such as victim service agencies and a related but mainly separate juvenile justice system. Thousands of agencies at the local, county, state, and federal levels of government, as well as in the private sector, join together to form the framework of the American criminal justice system. In most respects, the numerous agencies function as a system, a unified whole. But fragmentation and conflict are also commonplace, causing some critics to hold that it is not a system at all…”

Westport. Praeger. 1998. 212p. CONTAINS MARK-UP

By Franco Ferracuti, Renato Lazzari And Marvin .E Wolfgang (Eds.)

From the Foreword: “It is with great pleasure that I have accepted the task of presenting the work of a well coordinated group of scholars, of proven competency, on the problem of Sardinian violence. The research project has been conducted jointly by the Center for Studies in Criminology and Criminal Law of the University of Pennsylvania and by the Institute of Psychology of the Medical School of the University of Rome, and has called on the collaboration of scholars from other fields and other universities, to broaden the content of the study. The generous assistance of the Ford Foundation had made the study possible. Violent behavior is now in the limelight both of public and scient- ific interest. The research attempts an analysis of Sardinian violence in the frame of reference of the theoretical construct which two of the authors (M.E. Wolfgang and F. Ferracuti) have identified, in previous publications, as the subculture of violence.

Rome. Mario Bulzoni - Editore . 1970.

By The National Commission On The Causes And Prevention Of Violence

“Dear Mr. President: I transmit herewith the Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. This Commission was. created by President Johnson in an Executive Order dated June 6, 1968. Nearly a year later you asked us to continue our work and so extended the Commission's life for an additional sb~.months, We are grateful for the support and encouragement that two Presidents and .their staffs have given us. Our Report is based. on penetrating research by two hundred leading scholars and on eighteen months of hearings, conferences, and some sixty days of arduous working sessions by members of the Commission. The Commission's findings and recommendations are presented to you in a single volume. The detailed data and findings of the scholars who helped us are set forth in more than fifteen volumes of printed reports. These reports provide a solid base for further study and research. We believe our Report will be of value to you, to the Congress, and to the American people. It sheds much light on the complex forces that tend to increase the level of violence in our rapidly changing society. It suggests what the federal government, the state governments, and private associations and individuals can do to reduce the incidence of violence….”

Washington. DC. U.S. Printing Office. 1969. 364p.

Edited by Stanley L. Brodsky and Norman E. Eggleston

FROM THE PREFACE: “The military correctional system has had an impact upon the lives of hundreds of thousands of American men in the one hundred years of its existence. The theory, goals, and applications of this system differ from civil corrections and represent an important source of information and experience in the effort to deter and modify criminal behavior. The purpose of this collection of papers is to communicate such information and experiences.

Carbondale and Edwardsville . Southern Illinois University Press.London and Amsterdam. Feffer & Simons, Inc.. 1970. 208p. CONTAINS MARK-UP.