BY GEORGE PADMORE

The document details the severe exploitation and oppression of Negro workers across various regions, including British, French, Belgian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Italian Africa. It discusses the conditions of black slaves in the United States, the West Indies, and Latin America, highlighting the brutal realities of slavery and its lasting impacts. The book describes the awakening and revolutionary movements among Negro workers in different regions, emphasizing their struggles for freedom and better living conditions, and outlines the role of imperialist powers in exploiting Negro workers and the economic and social challenges faced by these communities under imperialist rule.

R.I.L.U. Magazine for the International Union Committee of Negro Workers London, 1931. 125p.

By Rajan Khatiwoda

The main ambition of this book lies in a detailed analysis of the formation and enforcement of Nepal’s Mulukī Ain of 1854, specifically focusing on the provisions regarding homicide within the Mulukī Ains of 1854 and 1870. This study also examines contemporaneous legal records, revealing the complexities of the Ain’s implementation. The articles on homicide serve as a microcosm illustrating the broader evolution of Nepal’s legal code, which departed from outdated punishments like genital mutilation and introduced fines and imprisonment instead. Still, the innovations introduced into the Ain of 1854 were not uniformly progressive. The Ain in its various stages of development thus showcases the complex ways in which legal systems inevitably undergo transformation.

Heidelberg: Heidelberg University Publishing (heiUP), 2024. 439p.

By Oscar Vilhena Vieira

In 2013, Brazil faced political and social upheaval, amid widescale public protests over economic challenges and startling revelations of corruption in the Operation Car Wash investigation. The crisis led to a presidential impeachment and the election of a far-right politician, Jair Bolsonaro, in 2018.

In a new book, “Battle of Powers,” Oscar Vilhena Vieira examines the historical and institutional context of this tumultuous period in recent Brazilian history. In doing so, he offers a reminder of the dangers extremist political movements pose for the rule of law in Brazil and elsewhere, and the importance of constitutional barriers to contain authoritarian cycles. The book also demonstrates how the failure of a government to deliver basic public goods can gradually erode democratic culture and open opportunities for political movements that are less willing to accept institutional constraints on executive power.

Wilson Center and FGV Sao Paulo Law School, 2024

By Ethan Blue

As banks crashed, belts tightened, and cupboards emptied across the country, American prisons grew fat. Doing Time in the Depression tells the story of the 1930s as seen from the cell blocks and cotton fields of Texas and California prisons, state institutions that held growing numbers of working people from around the country and the world—overwhelmingly poor, disproportionately non-white, and displaced by economic crisis. Ethan Blue paints a vivid portrait of everyday life inside Texas and California’s penal systems. Each element of prison life—from numbing boredom to hard labor, from meager pleasure in popular culture to crushing pain from illness or violence—demonstrated a contest between keepers and the kept. From the moment they arrived to the day they would leave, inmates struggled over the meanings of race and manhood, power and poverty, and of the state itself. In this richly layered account, Blue compellingly argues that punishment in California and Texas played a critical role in producing a distinctive set of class, race, and gender identities in the 1930s, some of which reinforced the social hierarchies and ideologies of New Deal America, and others of which undercut and troubled the established social order. He reveals the underside of the modern state in two very different prison systems, and the making of grim institutions whose power would only grow across the century.

New York; London: New York University Press, 2012.

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By JARED DIAMOND

Guns, Germs, and Steel: A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years by Jared Diamond is a groundbreaking exploration into the complex tapestry of human history. Diamond delves deep into the factors that have shaped the destinies of civilizations over millennia, examining the roles of geography, biology, and culture in determining the fates of societies worldwide. Through meticulous research and compelling analysis, Diamond uncovers the interconnected forces that have influenced the rise and fall of nations, challenging conventional narratives of human development. A thought-provoking and illuminating read, Guns, Germs, and Steel offers a fresh perspective on the evolution of human societies and the legacies that continue to shape our world today.

NY. Penguin. Vintage. 1997.. 662p.

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By W.E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS..

"The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade to the United States of America 1638-1870" by W.E.B. Du Bois is a seminal work that delves into the complex history of the abolition of the African slave trade in the United States. Through meticulous research and profound analysis, Du Bois provides a detailed account of the efforts and challenges faced in ending this heinous practice that marred American history for centuries.

Du Bois's insightful narrative sheds light on the social, economic, and political forces that shaped the trajectory of the slave trade in America. By exploring the legal battles, international pressures, and moral dilemmas surrounding the abolitionist movement, this book offers a comprehensive understanding of the long and arduous journey towards eradicating one of the darkest chapters in American history.

A must-read for anyone interested in American history, human rights, and the enduring legacy of slavery, "The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade to the United States of America 1638-1870" stands as a poignant reminder of the resilience of those who fought against injustice and the ongoing struggle for equality and freedom.

Volume I. Harvard Historical Historical Studies. Longmans, Green, and Co. New York. 1896. 503p.

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By R. R. PALMER

The World of the French Revolution by R. R. Palmer provides a comprehensive exploration of one of the most tumultuous periods in history. Delving into the political, social, and cultural landscapes of late 18th-century France, Palmer offers readers a detailed analysis of the events leading up to and following the French Revolution. Through meticulous research and engaging prose, this book sheds light on the key figures, ideologies, and revolutions that shaped the course of modern history. A must-read for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of this pivotal moment in time.

NY. Harper Torchbooks. 1971. 289p.

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Edited by Joseph and Barrie Klaits

"The ties between people and animals are as mysterious and as obvious as the mutual devotion of a boy and his dog. We catch glimpses of these ties when we watch a circus parade, when we see someone's pet crushed in an accident, or when we witness the birth of kittens. Exhilaration, compassion, wonder-intangible responses like these are this book's raisons d'être.

"We have collected a series of readings that attempt to analyze such responses.,. The authors share a concern with the issue we have regarded as the leitmotif of this book: What do man's attitudes and behavior toward animals tell us about the historical development of human society and culture?" - from the Introduction.

NY. Harper and Row, Publishers. 1974. 177p.

Edited by Lyndsay Campbell, Ted McCoy, and Mélanie Méthot

An introduction to Canadian legal history featuring new approaches to legal scholarship. Essential reading for all those interested in Canadian legal methodologies, especially new and beginning scholars. Canada’s Legal Pasts presents new essays on a range of topics and episodes in Canadian legal history, provides an introduction to legal methodologies, shows researchers new to the field how to locate and use a variety of sources, and includes a combined bibliography arranged to demonstrate best practices in gathering and listing primary sources. It is an essential welcome for scholars who wish to learn about Canada’s legal pasts—and why we study them. Telling new stories—about a fishing vessel that became the subject of an extraordinarily long diplomatic dispute, young Northwest Mounted Police constables subject to an odd mixture of police discipline and criminal procedure, and more—this book presents the vibrant evolution of Canada’s legal tradition. Explorations of primary sources, including provincial archival records that suggest how Quebec courts have been used in interfamilial conflict, newspaper records that disclose the details of bigamy cases, and penitentiary records that reveal the details of the lives and legal entanglements of Canada’s most marginalized people, show the many different ways of researching and understanding legal history. This is Canadian legal history as you’ve never seen it before. Canada’s Legal Pasts dives into new topics in Canada’s fascinating history and presents practical approaches to legal scholarship, bringing together established and emerging scholars in a collection essential for researchers at all levels.

Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary Press, 2020. 372p.

By Roger Bartlett

The jurist and philosopher, Jeremy Bentham, and his lesser-known brother, Samuel, equally talented but as a naval architect, engineer and inventor, had a long love affair with Russia. Jeremy hoped to assist Empress Catherine II with her legislative projects. Samuel went to St Petersburg to seek his fortune in 1780 and came back with the rank of Brigadier-General and the idea, famously publicised by Jeremy, of the Inspection-House or Panopticon. The Bentham Brothers and Russia chronicles the brothers’ later involvement with the Russian Empire, when Jeremy focused his legislative hopes on Catherine’s grandson Emperor Alexander I (ruled 1801-25) and Samuel found a unique opportunity in 1806 to build a Panopticon in St Petersburg – the only panoptical building ever built by the Benthams themselves. Setting the Benthams’ projects within an in-depth portrayal of the Russian context, Roger Bartlett illuminates an important facet of their later careers and offers insight into their world view and way of thought. He also contributes towards the history of legal codification in Russia, which reached a significant peak in 1830, and towards the demythologising of the Panopticon, made notorious by Michel Foucault: the St Petersburg building, still relatively unknown, is described here in detail on the basis of archival sources. The Benthams’ interactions with Russia under Alexander I constituted a remarkable episode in Anglo-Russian relations; this book fills a significant gap in their history.

London: UCL Press, 2022. 322p.

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By Caroline Alexander

"With all the drama and intrigue of a rollicking adventure novel, Alexander's beautifully written and painstakingly researched book goes a long way to rehabilitate one of history's most notorious villains: Bounty commander Lt. William Bligh. Through letters, court testimony, and personal diaries, Alexander vividly re-creates the mutiny, the details of which changed, Rashomon-like, depending on the crew member telling the story." -Entertainment Weekly

"A captivating and properly salty account. The Bounty is a retelling of a remembered story in the grand manner. Alexander is particularly good at bringing to the fore lesser-known parts of the Bounty's story." -The Boston Globe

NY. Penguin. 2003. 542p.

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By Dennis Sullivan

FROM THE COVER: “Based in a highly profitable fur trade, the seventeenth century Dutch criminal justice system of the upper Hudson River Valley regulated the community with an eye toward not only maintaining peaceful social relations, but also preserving the economic system that allowed the community to survive. This work examines the punishment practices of the Beverwijck/Albany court during the seventeenth century, delineating changes that occurred in those practices amid fluctuations in the fur trade and after the English conquest of New Netherland in 1664. This study shows that punishment practices were integrally linked to the economic status of the community and, after English conquest, to the introduction ofEnglish law.

"Dennis Sullivan's study of the punishment of crime in the upper Hudson Valley will be a major contribution to the growing bibliography of works relating to New Netherland. Researchers who work with primary source material will appreciate his rigorous use of the Dutch records at the New York State Archives. Sullivan has added another piece to the mosaic which will one day reveal New York's unique and rich colonial beginnings." — Charles Gehring, Director of the New Netherland Project

NY. Peter Lang, 1997. 367p.

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By Ann Cornelisen

FROM THE COVER: “This is the painful, heroic story of five contemporary peasant women in souther Italy- Peppina, Ninetta, Teresa, Pinuccia, Cettina. For these women and others like them, marriage is a practical and religious necessity although men and women spend very little time together once married. Many men leave their families to seek sporadic work in the cities or in other countries, and those who remain spend all of their free time with other men. Their wives are left to their own devices, and it is their earnings and their efforts that largely support the family….”

NY. Vintage. 1997. 247p.

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Compiled and edited by Don Shepherd with an Introduction by Eleanora de Vincent

FROM THE COVER: “This illustrated volume takes a close look at the famous and infamous women who have influenced history. Once buried under a blanket of indifference, their contributions emerge today as a fascinating study of women, of their search for identity, and of their striving over the limitations and constraints of the times in which they lived. An important addition to the literature of Women's Liberation is this collection of articles on the deeds and misdeeds of the assassin Charlotte Corday, the wondering queen Nefertiti, the eminent Mary, Queen of Scots, the imperial Chinese women, the tempestuous women in Hispanic history, the auto- cratic Catherine the Great, those women of fortune, Naksh and Josephine, America's First Lady of Art, Mary Cassatt, the valiant Dolley Madison and China's Dowager Empress Tzu Hsi.

Los Angeles. Mankind Publishing Company .

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By Norman ItzkowItz

FROM THE PREFACE: “This book provides the student with an introduction to the historical development of the Ottoman Empire and an appreciation of its institutions, social structure, and. intellectual foundations. The narrative carries the Ottomans from their beginning on theByzantine frontier as an Islamic warrior principality, through the development of their empire, down to the late cighteenth century when they found it necessary to embark upon the process of modernization. I have delineated the fundamental institutions of the Ottoman state, the major dividing lines within the society, and the basic ideas on goverment and social structure that helped the Ottomans found their empire, fostered its growth, and then sustained it through periods of inter- nal dissension and external threat.

Chic ago and London. The University of Chicago Press. 1972. 131p.

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Edited With An Introduction By De Lamar Jensen

FROM THE INTRODUCTION: “ In more than four hundred years of evaluation and reinterpretation, few names in European history have caused more disagreement and controversy than Machiavelli's. Nearly everyone who has written on modem European history, and particularly on the Renaissance, agrees that Machiavelli was one of the most important figures of the century, but rarely will they concur on the reason for his prominence. Why has this polemic continued so long without sign of abating or losing its vigor? Undoubtedly there can be many answers, and among them certainly is the fact that Machiavelli’s written words deal with subjects of lasting and vital interest to all ages. People of every generation must ask themselves the questions which Machiavelli aroused. What is the relationship between politics and morals? Does the end really justify the means? What is the nature and role of the state? How are liberty and order to be balanced and maintained? To the historian an infinite number of additional problems are suggested by the life and writings of this Renaissance Floren¬tine, from the question of his relationship to the humanist writers of his time to the methods and motives of his public and pri-vate life. For Machiavelli was not restricted to one career, and each of them — diplomat, secretary, statesman, military strategist, political philosopher, historian, man of letters — offers a rich and rewarding field for schol¬arly investigation…”

Boston. D. C. Heath. Problems In European Civilization. 1960. 131p.

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By W. A. Heurtley, H. C. Darby C.W. Crawley And C.M. Woodhouse

FROM THE COVER: “An introduction to Greek history from prehistoric times until the end of 1964. It is based on the historical sections of the Hand- book first issued by the Naval Intelligence Division of the Admiralty during the war and is a companion volume to the successful series of short histories of France, Germany, Italy and Yugoslavia already published. The original contributors were the late W. A. Heurtley, Professor H. C. Darby and C. W. Crawley. The final section has been written by the Hon. C. M. Wood- house, who was formerly Director-General of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. This history will appeal to general readers and tourists as well as students in universities and schools.

'This extraordinary book compresses into 183 pages of text the history of mainland Greece from the earliest times to the end of 1964. What is more, itdoes so from the unfamiliar perspective of the present day . . . Anyone would gain by reading this short book; but most of all, perhaps, those who have attacked Greek history through the other end of the telescope.' Economist

London. Cambridge At The University Press. 1967. 210p.

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by Dee Brown

FROM THE COVER: “Thelast words of this revisionary history of the American West come from an anonymous Indian: ‘They made us many promises, more than I can remember, but they never kept but one: they promised to take our land, and they took it. They are white Americans. like the author of this damning case against our national roots i n greed, perficly, ignoranceand malice. The motive force f o rour theft of land and identity from the Indians was Alanifest Destiny, the belief that white men were ordained to rule this continent, a policy that, in Dee Vrown’s words, “lifted land hunger to a lofty plane.’ Manifest destiny was a simple instrument to operate, once we got the hang of it. We would buy or battle the indians off the land we wanted…”

NY. Bantam. 1971. 498p.

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By Lerone Bennett, Jr.

FROM THE COVER: “A full history of the American Negro, from his origins in the great empires of the Nile Valley and the western Sudan through the Negro revolt of the 1960's. Mr. Bennett clarifies the role of Negro Americans during the Colonial period, the Revolutionary War, the Slavery era, the Civil War, the years of Reconstruction, and the crucial epoch from Booker T. Washington to Martin Luther King, Jr. His account is interspersed with portraits of the great figures like Benjamin Banneker, Frederick Douglass, W.E. B. DuBois and others, as well as with reports on the exploits and contributions of many men and women whose names generally have been forgotten in the pages of American history. In a special section of "Landmarks and Milestones," he outlines the significant dates, events, and per- sonalities of American Negro history from 1492 to 1964.”

Baltimore. Penguin. 1964.

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By Stephen E. Gottlieb

FROM THE PREFACE; “Why This Book. Notwithstanding common descriptions of the justices, there is no center on this Court, and there are no moderates. When the Court's "conservatives" find common ground with the Court's "liberals," they have arrived at their conclusions from essentially unrelated premises. Analysis of the Court as if there were a continuum from Rehnquist to Breyer is a serious misunderstanding. This book is intended to clarify the thinking of the nine current members of the Court and the significance of their ways of thinking for the rest of us. We like to think of judges and justices as deciding cases on the facts and the law. Thus some may find upsetting the suggestion although it is surely not new-that justices decide cases in line with their own private, preexisting philosophies of law….”

NY. New York University Press. 2000. 360p