3D printed firearmsBy

Colin Murphy

Share this page on FacebookShare this page on XShare this page on LinkedIn3D printing, a technology only a few decades old, has progressed inquality and affordability. It has moved from the realm of industrialprototype, through cutting-edge design and technology, to finally endup in the homes of hobbyists and enthusiasts. This welcome and usefulprocess has delivered new and affordable solutions to a range ofsubjects and fields, and has changed the shape of manufacturing fromlarge factories to small bespoke businesses. However, this innovationhas also developed a darker side and has been adopted by those withcriminal intent, including for the manufacture of firearms. Whileconverted or backstreet guns are not a new phenomenon, the advent of3D printing has extended the range of people able to obtain a firearmto include those with no practical skills or tools or indeed anycriminal connections. In the space of little over a decade, theconcept of homemade guns using 3D printing techniques has evolved froma simple yet effective one-shot pistol to a semi-automatic hybridrifle. These firearms have made their way into the hands of criminalsand extremists with menacing intent. They have also featured inhigh-profile shootings with fatal consequences. It is important toacknowledge that this nascent method of firearm production isdeveloping at a rapid speed. Authorities and law enforcement agenciesare recognising the growing threat that these firearms pose, and areadapting their understanding, approach and expertise. In addition,legislators around the world are beginning to adapt their laws toaddress this emerging threat. In the EU, possession of a 3D-printedfirearm is an offence, but not possession of, publicity for ordistribution of digital blueprints or hard copies.

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service , 2025. 6p.