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Robert R. Corkhuff And Bernard G. Berenron

We come to bury therapy and give birth to "teaching as the preferred mode of treatment." Human needs are expanding at such a geometric rate that we can no longer afford the luxury of the traditional modes of counseling and psychotherapy. They have not delivered. They can-not deliver. Those of us who are too tired to change so that we can do the things that will deliver must simply move over and allow those who are not too tired to make the changes.

Human Resource Development Press, Inc. Amherst Mass. 1976. 304p.

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JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE LEGAL STATUS OF PRISONERS: Herbert S. Miller, Chairman Richard G. Singer, Reporter Harvey S. Perlman, Reporter

The American Criminal Law Review is a journal of grofessional information andopinion. Il is published quarterly by the American Bar Association Section of CriminalJustice, 1155 E. 60th St.. Chicago, Il 60637. Any member of the American Bar Associa-tion may becone a member of the Section upon payment of the annual dues of $20.00.The dues schedule includes $10.00 for yearly subseription to the American CriminalLaw Rorien. Law Student Division members of the Association may join the Sectionfor $5.00 annual dues.An attorney who is not a member of the Association will be sent its application uponreceipt of the request for Section membership. Individuals and institutions not eligiblefor membership in the American Bar Association may obtain an annual subscription lothe American Criminal Law Review for $20.00 ($25.00 for Alaska, Hawaii, U.S. Posses-sions and foreign countries), Additional copies of issues in volumes 12 and 13 may bepurchased, to the exrent available, for $5 per copy from the Circulation Department,American Bar Association. Issues in previous volumes are sold by Fred B. Rothman &Company, 57 Leuning St., South Hackensack, New Jersey 07606.Remittance of annual dues of applicants for Section membership and payment forannual subscriptions to the American Criminal Lar Review should be sent to Divisionof Professional Services, American Bar Association, 1155 East 60th St., Chicago, IL. 60637, andmade payable to the American Bar Association. Notices on changes of address and inquiries con-cerning missing issues should also be sent to the Division of Professional Services,Manuscripts submitled for publication in the American Criminal Law Revien shouldbe sent to the editorial office of the publication, Georgetown University Law Center,600 New Jersey Avenue, N.W.. Washington, DC 20001. All manuscripts should be typedand triple-spaced with one-inch margins on all sides. Footnotes should conform to AUniform System of Citation published by the Harvard Law Review Association (theWhite Book), and appear separately in the back of the article. One original and iwo-three copies of the article should be submitted. The Review is not obligaled to acknowl-edge receipt of or to return manuscripts. Any contributor who is not notified by theReview within 60 days after submitting an article may assume that the Review is Unablelo publish the material.THE AMERICAN CRIMINAL LAW REVIEW. VOLUME 14, Introduction. WINTER 1977. NUMBER 3.

United States, THE AMERICAN CRIMINAL LAW REVIEW. 1962, 262pg

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By Thomas Szasz

This book is a collection of essays most of which have appeared previously. Many of them, however, were first prepared for lectures and were subsequently published in a shorter version than the original text from which they were excerpted. I have retained the full-length versions of these essays and some of them-for example, "The Ethics of Addiction" and "The Ethics of Suicide"—are published in this form here for the first time. I thank the editors and publishers of the journals and books in which these pieces first appeared for granting permission for their republication; Cynthia Merman of Harper & Row for help with the selection and editing of the essays for publication in book form; and Debbie Murphy, my secretary, for her customarily devoted labors.

NY. HARPER COLOPHON BOOKS. 1977. 193p.

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Edited By Martin Gold

FROM THE PREFACE: Scholars engaged in a broad range of disciplines should find this anthology useful. I selected the articles to display the many facets of Lewin's intellectual interests: philosophy of science; social, developmental, personality, motivational, cognitive, and clinical psychology; social organization; social problems; and scientific methodology. Scholars may also find in the compleat social scientist, thus revealed, a model to which they may aspire, if only in part, in considering the directions of their own careers. Readers in disparate fields will find it illuminating to read Lewin's articles in fields related to but not their own. I have endeavored to help make the connections among the various articles more apparent with some commentary and with a brief intellectual biography of Lewin that speculates on the common sources of his many creative ideas.

Washington DC. American Psychological Association.. 1999. 359p.

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By Ragnar Rommetveit

FROM THE PREFACE: The present work is the result of a series of connected studies, starting with some exploratory investigations in Oslo in 1956, continued in terms of a series of experiments in Minneapolis 1956-57, and followed up by a program for experimental research in Oslo 1957-58. The common core of the empirical studies, though, is a new kind of research instrument that was first tried out in Minneapolis during the fall of 1956. By constructing material representing stimulus persons systematically distributed in an "attribute surface" and by having subjects rank these artificially composed persons as potential friends, the author began accumulating new and interesting experimental evidence of particular relevance to the understanding of selective and intuitive social perception.

Oslo University Press. 1960. 184p.

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Edited by DAVID P. FARRINGTON AND ROGER TARLING

FROM THE PREFACE: Prediction has always been an important topic in criminology. • Prediction instruments have been used extensively to aid criminal justice decisionmakers, most notably in selecting prisoners for parole. Current uses of prediction methods include the identification of offenders for a policy of "selective incapacitation" and the identifiction of dangerous offenders. Prediction methods are also used to evaluate different kinds of penal treatments and to assess the likely effects of penal policy changes on the criminal justice system. As a by-product of this substantive research, a good deal of attention has been paid to the statistical and methodological issues involved in constructing sound prediction instruments.

Albany. SUNY Press. 1985. 284p.

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Hermann Mannheim and Leslie T. Wilkins

This book, officially sponsored by the Home Office, is a report of the first criminological prediction study carried out in England. The collaboration of iwo authors eminent respectively in the distinct disciplines of criminology and statistics gives unusual authority to their findings, and has led to methodological advances of considerable interest. They have aimed to establish a method of prediction which meets their postulated criteria of repeatability, validity and power, efficiency and simplicity. A validation study, which confirmed their initial results.

London. HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. 1955. 287p.

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By Ann Cordilia

Part One of the study focuses on the prison as a total institution that desocializes inmates by depriving them of access to conventional adult roles. Resocialization then occurs within the prison as inmates learn new behaviors to survive in prison. The research is grounded empirically in the inmates' perceptions of the ways in which prison has affected them. The 32 inmates interviewed mentioned the following five areas most often: (1) dependency on the prison system to order their lives and provide for material needs, (2) living with other inmates, (3) being cut off from friends and family, (4) being cut off from work, and (5) having limited access to drugs and alcohol. It is concluded that the way a prisoner adapts is based on how he perceives his situation and his desire to mitigate pain and capitalize on whatever opportunities are available. Part Two examines the reentry of ex-inmates into society. Twenty-eight of the 32 inmates in the original sample were interviewed over periods ranging from 1 month to 1 year after release. The subjects' postrelease behavior was studied in relation to the changes they had undergone in prison. Specifically, the research examined the effects of prison skill-learning on four central aspects of reentry: structuring a life, resuming work roles, interacting with people, and controlling alcohol and drug use. It was found that prison skills did not prepare ex-inmates to adjust successfully in these aspects of reentry.

Cambridge, Massachusetts. SCHENKMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.. 1983. 138p.

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By Donald Black

The text uses the sociological theory of law to predict and explain police behavior in such settings as police patrol, investigations, and the handling of vice, juveniles, traffic, and rebellion. The text considers how cases come to the attention of police and other legal officials and indicates the implications of these patterns for social control through law. The field study was conducted in Boston, Chicago, and Washington, D.C., during the summer of 1966. Thirty-six observers with backgrounds in law, social science, and police administration systematically recorded routine encounters between uniformed patrol officers and citizens. The observers accompanied patrol officers on all work shifts everyday for 7 weeks in each city. (Evening shifts were given added weight because of their known higher rates of police activity.) From the total of 5,713 recorded incidents, subsamples were selected to determine how official crime rates are generated and how police handle disputes between such persons as husbands and wives, parents and children, and neighbors. This report and analysis discusses these findings along with more recent research. Although the text notes the growing demand for dispute settlement in the United States by police, it delineates techniques by which people are encouraged to handle their own conflicts instead of relying on those in authority. Strategies that ultimately encourage self-help include cutting back on police response to domestic and 'street corner' disputes, designing of physical space to maximize natural surveillance, and introducing electronic communication.

NY. ACADEMIC PRESS. 1980. 284p.

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BY CHARLES HAMPDEN-TURNER

In a groundbreaking work of scholarship, Charles Hampden-Turner presents the first comprehensive attempt to collect, describe, and draw in map form the most important concepts of the human mind put forth by the world's greatest writers, painters, philosophers, and psychologists.

NY. MACMILLAN PUBLISHING CO.. INC. 1981. 230p.

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BY LEONARD W. DOOB

When is it appropriate to intervene in individual or large-scale disputes? How would intervention be most effective in helping an abused child, in resolving conflicts between labor and management, in mediating in a foreign war? In this wide-ranging and original book, a distinguished social psychologist provides a broad overview and analysis of the phenomenon of intervention in human affairs. Drawing on many historical and current examples of intervention, Leonard W. Doob considers what must be taken into account in the planning, selection, timing, implementation, and evaluation of interventions. He also focuses on the morality of intervening-which is, after all, interfering with the judgment or behavior of other persons-discussing a variety of situations,

New Haven and London. Yale University Press. 1993. 279p

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Edited by SAWYER F. SYLVESTER, JR.

THE WRITINGS INCLUDED REPRESENT EVERY PERIOD IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF CRIMINOLOGY, BEGINNING WITH THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. EACH ARTICLE EXEMPLIFIES THE MOVEMENT AWAY FROM A ONE-DIMENSIONAL STUDY OF PUNITIVE MEASURES AND CRIMINOLOGY TO A BROADER UNDERSTANDING OF THE BIOLOGICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND HISTORICAL FACTORS INVOLVED. THE AUTHORS REPRESENTED INCLUDE BECCARIA, QUETELET, MAYHEW, LOMBROSO, TARDE, FERRI, BONGER, HEALY, SELLIN, AND SUTHERLAND. A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY IS GIVEN OF EACH ONE. A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY IS FURNISHED.

Cambridge, Massachusetts. SCHENKMAN PUBLISHING COMPANY.. 1972. 185p.

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Edited by Angus Campbell and Philip E. Converse

The book deals with the meaning of change from two points of view. First, it is interested in the human meaning which people attribute to the complex social environment in which they find themselves; their understanding of group relations, the political process, and the consumer economy in which they participate. Secondly, it discusses the impact that the various alternatives offered by the environment have on the nature of their lives and the fulfillment of those lives.

NY. RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION. 1972. 556p.

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BY RENSIS LIKERT

Describes the implementation of a scientific management system and accounting procedures that increase productivity and profits and improve labor relations

NY. MCGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY. 1867. 203p.

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Edited by Stephen Kaplan and Rachel Kaplan

In dealing with environmental issues we are repeatedly confronted by the paradox that the biggest obstacle to a more humane world for people is -- people. Again and again designers, planners, citizen groups, policy makers, and managers set out to solve "real" problems and end up mired in "people" problems. This book attempts to apply the skills and insights of the behavioral sciences to this dilemma. The approach is untraditional, not only in its theoretical framework, but also in its focus. The emphasis is not on the environment itself, but on how people know and experience it, for we believe that the first priority is not specific answers to specific problems, but a greater understanding of the creature we are dealing with, a larger view of what people are like.

Mass. DUXBURY PRESS. 1978. 491p.

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Human Rights Watch

There are between 200,000 and 300,000 men and women in U.S. prisons with mental disorders, some with serious mental illnesses. In many of the prisons in which they reside, mental health services are far from satisfactory due to understaffing, insufficient facilities, and limited programs. Without necessary care, mentally ill inmates live with painful symptoms and deteriorating mental conditions. Although mentally ill prison inmates generally suffer under poor conditions in prison, some U.S. prison systems have achieved significant advances in mental health services; however, they continue to face persistent obstacles due to the punitive nature of prison regimens and the current fiscal crisis in States across the country. Recommendations to the U.S. Congress are to enact the Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act currently pending before Congress, which could catalyze significant reforms in the way the criminal justice system responds to people with mental illness; to improve access to public benefits that cover all needed mental health services; and to amend or repeal the Prison Litigation Reform Act, which hinders inmates in their efforts to remedy unconstitutional conditions in State correctional facilities.

NY. Human Rights Watch. 2003. 222p.

By Robert C. Trojanowicz and Dennis W. Banas

Interviews conducted over a four-year period demonstrated that the Neighborhood Foot Patrol program implemented in Flint, Michigan, not only improved police-community relations, but reduced the disparity in perceptions of police performance between blacks and whites. The Flint Police Department operated solely with motorized or preventive patrols until January 1979. The Neighborhood Foot Patrol Program began in 1979 with 22 foot patrol officers assigned to 14 experimental areas which included about 20 percent of the city's population. In their innovative foot patrol program, officers were based in all types of socioeconomic neighborhoods and focused on the social service as well as the law enforcement aspects of their jobs. The program reduced crime rates by 8.7 percent and calls for service by 42 percent between 1979 and 1982. Attitudes of Flint residents were assessed through interviews conducted in 1979, 1981, 1982, and 1983, using samples drawn randomly from the patrol areas. The 1979 interviews showed that Flint residents did not deviate from the national pattern of blacks consistently rating the police less favorably than whites. Interviews conducted in the subsequent three years demonstrated a dramatic decrease in the differences between black and white perceptions of the foot patrol. The range of differences between the two groups' attitudes toward the police in 1979 was from 13.2 percent to 20.2 percent. In contrast, the greatest variation between blacks and whites in their perceptions of the foot patrols' performance was 8.5 percent, and many neighborhoods had a lower variation. In effect, residents felt they gained control over the operation of the police department, while the foot patrol officers became responsive to community needs and sensitive to neighborhood culture.

Michigan. The National Neighborhood Foot Patrol Center. 1985 21p.

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By Joanne Belknap, Merry Morash, and Robert Trojanowicz

Theories of role identity were used to determine officers' ideal, actual, and behavioral identities in interactions with teenagers, complainants, and supervisors when dealing with a case of 'rowdy teens.' A purposive sample was drawn representing foot and motor patrol, as well as race (black and white) and gender. The findings support the implementation of the community police model as was intended by the staff, and suggests the validity of the foot patrol concept. The results did not find gender, race, education, and years on the force predictive of police identity orientation or behavior. However, differences between foot and motor patrol in terms of role identity orientation and behavior were found. The research also suggests the importance of role identity orientation as a useful concept in explaining police behavior, and the discussion pinpoints areas and methods that would be fruitful in future research.

Michigan. The National Neighborhood Foot Patrol Center. 1986. 39p.

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Edited by J. RICHARD HACKMAN and J. LLOYD SUTTLE

Monograph on management approaches to quality of working life in industrial enterprises in the USA - contains definitions of job satisfaction, and covers occupational psychology and occupational sociology in career development, Motivation and job enrichment through the redesign of business organization, the impact thereof on absenteeism, the choice of wage payment systems, intergroup relations, personnel management and supervisory roles, government policy on interest group activities, etc.

Santa Monica, California. GOODYEAR PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 1977. 505p.

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By Barbara Owen

The book reports the results of ethnographic research conducted at the Central California Women’s Facility, the world’s largest female facility, including an overview of the theoretical context for the study. It describes the project site, research methods, and a feminist perspective used to collect and assess data. In addition, it describes the lives of women before imprisonment and suggests ways in which those experiences come to bear on prison culture; relationships women develop and maintain during imprisonment; and the ways women create a complex society within prison walls. Women’s cultures develop in ways markedly different from the degradation, violence, and predatory structure of male prison life. Women’s lives in prison are intimately tied to their lives before and after imprisonment. Although men on the economic and racial margins of society face oppression that contributes to their criminality, they do not share the same struggles with patriarchy or the pervasive sexual and personal oppression found in the lives of women.

NY. State University of New York Press. 1998. 231p.