Edited by JOSINE JUNGER-TAS.

This study has been conducted at the request of the Director-General of (Juvenile and Adult) Corrections of the Dutch Ministry of Justice, who wanted an overview of experiences with alternative sanctions in other countries with a view to future development of the Dutch sanctioning system. The principal objective of the study was to examine the use of alternatives to prison with respect to their effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, the focus of the study is on the evaluation of alternative sanctions on the basis of empirical research. The study covers 135 documents from 12 western countries: the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, England, Scotland, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Germany, Austria and France. Much of the research material has been provided by the Documentation Department of the WODC (Research and Documentation Center). In addition, the Ministries of Justice of the above-mentioned countries and a great number of foreign academic colleagues have been approached in order to collect more recent research material as well as policy documents. In this way an attempt has been made to obtain as complete a picture as possible of the state of the art with respect to the substitution of prison by new sanctions and their effects in terms of reduction of the prison population, of recidivism and of costs.

The Hague : RDC, Ministry of Justice : Amsterdam; New York: Kugler Publications, 1994. 104p.