By Stephen Machin, Matteo Sandi:

Research studying connections between crime and education is a prominent aspect of the big increase of publication and research interest in the economics of crime field. This work demonstrates a crime reducing impact of education, which can be interpreted as causal through leveraging research designs (e.g., based on education policy changes) that ensure the direction of causality flows from education to crime. A significant body of research also explores in detail, and in various directions, the means by which education has a crime reducing impact. This includes evidence on incapacitation versus productivity raising aspects of education, and on the quality of schooling at different stages of education, ranging from early age interventions, through primary and secondary schooling and policy changes that alter school dropout age. From this evidence base, there are education policies that have been effective crime prevention tools in many settings around the world.

Bonn, Germany: IZA – Institute of Labor Economics, 2024 59p.

By Theodore N. Ferdinand

Purists vs. Empiricists: The document discusses the debate betweenPurists, who believe delinquency is rooted in social processes, andEmpiricists, who consider multiple factors, including psychological and physiological, in explaining delinquency.

Types of Typologies: It outlines three kinds of typologies:Logical,Empirical, andIdeal, each serving different functions in understanding delinquency.

Social Class and Delinquency: The document examines how different social classes, from the upper upper-class to the lower lower-class,exhibit distinct patterns of delinquent behavior.

Psychological Typologies: Various psychological typologies of delinquency are explored, including those by Alexander and Staub,Abrahamsen, and others, highlighting different psychological profiles of delinquents.

Random House, 1966, 246 pages