Edited by William Gervase & Clarence-Smith

Significant Slave Trade: Over a million slaves were exported from Indian Ocean and Red Sea ports in Eastern Africa during the 19th century, with millions more moved within the continent.

Economic Impact: The slave trade expanded significantly in the 19th century, driven by demand for labor in the western Indian Ocean and improved maritime security.

Diverse Uses: Slaves were used in various roles, including laborers, concubines, eunuchs, and administrators, with significant numbers employed in agriculture, urban economies, and domestic roles.

Regional Variations: The nature and scale of slavery varied across regions, with some areas like Zanzibar and Pemba having plantation systems similar to the New World, while others had more subsistence-based servitude.

Frank Cass & Co Ltd., 1989, 222 pages

The Transatlantic Slave Trade Volume 1 Edited by Robin Law

British Involvement: The British were major participants in the transatlantic slave trade from 1660 to 1807, transporting over 3 million enslaved Africans to the New World

Economic Impact: The slave trade was integral to the British Empire's growth, stimulating shipbuilding, port development, and long-distance trade

Abolition Movement: Despite their involvement in the slave trade, Britain also led the abolitionist movement, culminating in the abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and slavery itself in 1834.

References: The document contains numerous references and excerpts from historical texts and accounts related to the slave trade.

London Pickering & Chatto, 2003, 387 pages