By Isangelo Senna, Fabio Iglesias, Lucas Heiki Matsunaga

Abstract Despite decades of research on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), the specifc impact of its dimensions on fear of crime (FoC) remains under-examined. This study investigates these efects by analyzing responses from 460 participants who evaluated photographs and completed the Situational Fear of Crime Scale for Public Spaces (SFS-Scale). The fndings reveal that defciencies in natural surveillance, followed by a lack of territoriality, are linked to heightened FoC. Moreover, natural surveillance emerged as a more signifcant predictor of FoC compared to territoriality. Additionally, police ofcers and military personnel reported lower levels of FoC than the general public. The study highlights the importance of understanding how CPTED dimensions shape public perceptions of safety. It also ofers practical insights for the development of targeted public security policies. These fndings suggest that CPTED principles can play a crucial role in reducing fear of crime and enhancing public safety in urban settings.

Crime Prevention and Community Safety (2025) 27:1–17 

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Developed by Wesley G. Skogan & William R. Klecka

Purpose and Development: The module "The Fear of Crime" was developed by Wesley G. Skogan and William R. Klecka, using victimization survey data collected by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. It aims to study crime and public fear of crime using survey data.

Historical Context: The document references President Johnson's 1965 initiative to combat crime, noting significant increases in crime rates and public fear of crime over the following decade.

Survey Methodology: The surveys used to gather data included both victimization and attitude questionnaires, focusing on personal attributes, crime experiences, and perceptions of crime.

City Comparisons: The module compares data from New York City andSan Diego, highlighting differences in crime rates, victimization, and public fear of crime between the two cities.

American Political Science Association, 1977, 82 pages

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By C.W. Topping

New Penology: The book discusses the concept of the new penology, which focuses on a comprehensive system of treatment and prevention, starting from childhood and continuing throughout life.

Crime Prevention: Emphasizes the importance of family counseling, community organization, and social group work in preventing crime.

Prison Reform: Contrasts old and new prison systems, highlighting the need for modern facilities, educational programs, and rehabilitation efforts.

Scientific Approach: Stresses the role of scientific research and the involvement of psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers in understanding and treating criminal behavior..

Saddlebag Books, 1960, 82 pages