By Jacob I. Stowell

Stowell examines the impact of immigration on violent crime. Crimiological theory, and particularly social disorganization theory, has held that immigration is inextricably linked to crime. Stowell tests whether patterns of neighborhood-level violence are partially attributable to the population characteristics of an area, and, in particular, to its nativity composition. His analyses offer both support for and challenges to social disorganization theory. Consistent with theoretical expectations, immigration is found to be indirectly associated with levels of violence. Little support, however, is found for the notion that immigrants are a largely homogeneous population, or that immigration is positively associated with property crime. The results call for a refinement of the disorganization theory, one that is sensitive to the differences among the foreign-born population and one that does not assume a negative impact of immigration on neighborhood social structure and violence.

New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing, 2017. 184p.

Edited by Ilias Bantekas and Emmanouela Mylonaki

This volume is one of the few books to explain in-depth the international crimes behind the scenes of substantive or procedural law. The contributors place a particular focus on what motivates participation in international crime, how perpetrators, witnesses and victims see their predicament and how international crimes should be investigated at local and international level, with an emphasis on context. The book engages these questions with a broad interdisciplinary approach that is accessible to both lawyers and non-lawyers alike. It discusses international crime through the lens of anthropology, neuroscience, psychology, state crime theory and information systems theory and draws upon relevant investigative experience from experts in international and domestic law prosecutions.

Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 336p.

Edited by William S. Laufer and Freda Adler

The Criminology of Criminal Law considers the relation between criminal law and theories of crime, criminality and justice. This book discusses a wide range of topics, including: the way in which white-collar crime is defined; new perspectives on stranger violence; the reasons why criminologists have neglected the study of genocide; the idea of boundary crossing in the control of deviance; the relation between punishment and social solidarity; the connection between the notion of justice and modern sentencing theory; the social reaction to treason; and the association between politics and punitiveness.

New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2013. 557p.

By Synøve Nygaard Andersen and Torbjørn Skardhamar

Previous studies have identified an "immigrant paradox" in crime in which crime rates are highest among immigrants who are young when they arrive in the host country, even though social capital and integration in the labour market and social networks favour the young. We use Norwegian registry data to estimate the probability of committing at least one crime in any year after the year of immigration, and we include interaction terms between age and age at immigration to explore the troublesome temporal association between age, age at immigration and duration of residence. The results suggest an overall negative association between age at immigration and registered crime, which seems to be exaggerated by the residual effect of the omitted duration of residence variable. Comparability of results between studies depends crucially on how age at immigration is measured.

Oslo: Statistics Norway, Research Department, 2012. 32p.

By Brian Bell, Stephen Machin and Francesco Fasani

This paper examines the relationship between immigration and crime in a setting where large migration flows offer an opportunity to carefully appraise whether the populist view that immigrants cause crime is borne out by rigorous evidence. We consider possible crime effects from two large waves of immigration that recently occurred in the UK. The first of these was the late 1990s/early 2000s wave of asylum seekers, and the second the large inflow of workers from EU accession countries that took place from 2004. A simple economics of crime model, when dovetailed with facts about the relative labour market position of these migrant groups, suggests net returns to criminal activity are likely to be very different for the two waves. In fact, we show that the first wave led to a small rise in property crime, whilst the second wave had no such impact. There was no observable effect on violent crime for either wave. Nor were immigrant arrest rates different to natives. Evidence from victimization data also suggests that the changes in crime rates during the immigrant waves cannot be ascribed to crimes against immigrants. Overall, our findings suggest that focusing on the limited labour market opportunities of asylum seekers could have beneficial effects on crime rates.

Bonn: IZA - Institute for the Study of Labor, 2010. 47p.

By Christopher T. Dietzel

This dissertation highlighted and addressed the nature and extent of sexual violence against men who have sex with men (MSM) that is facilitated through their use of dating apps. The dissertation includes three manuscripts, each of which details a unique study. The first study investigated MSM dating app users’ conceptualizations and negotiations of sexual consent. Findings revealed that MSM identify consent frameworks but do not always apply those frameworks, or apply their interpretations of those frameworks, to their online and in-person sexual interactions with other MSM dating users. The second study examined MSM dating app users’ experiences of sending and receiving unsolicited dick pics. Findings uncovered a diversity in MSM’s experiences that are reflected along three “dimensions”: wanted/unwanted, consensual/non-consensual, and typical/atypical. Findings also revealed seven factors that impact MSM’s experiences of sending and receiving unsolicited dick pics. The third study investigated manifestation of rape culture that are facilitated through MSM’s use of dating apps. Findings showed that unwanted sexual messages and images are common manifestations of rape culture on dating apps. Findings also demonstrated that rape culture extends from online interactions to in-person interactions. Several MSM disclosed sexual violence they experienced through their use of dating apps, and one admitted to perpetrating sexual violence. This dissertation reveals the ways in which MSM experience and perpetrate sexual violence through their use of dating apps, as well as the ways in which dating apps facilitate sexual violence. Recommendations for education, community work, law and policy, and dating app software development are offered, along with limitations and suggestions for future research

Montreal: McGill University, 2021. 264p.

By Coen Teunissen, Hayley Boxall, Sarah Napier and Rick Brown

This study presents the findings from a large survey of people living in Australia (n=9,987) who had used mobile dating apps and/or dating websites in the previous five years. Across the entire sample, 12.4 percent of respondents reported receiving requests to facilitate the sexual exploitation of their own children or children they had access to. Requests included asking for sexual information about children or for sexual images or videos of children, asking to meet children in person or asking for children to perform sex acts over webcam.

The paper highlights the need for additional safety features to be embedded in mobile dating apps and dating websites to protect vulnerable users and to prevent the sexual exploitation of children.

Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2022. 14p.

By Kath Albury, Paul Byron, Anthony McCosker, Tinonee Pym, Jarrod Walshe, Kane Race, Doreen Salon, Tim Wark, Jessica Botfield, Daniel Reeders, Christopher Dietzel

The rise of dating apps generates a number of issues regarding cultures of health and wellbeing, including risks of sexual assault and STI transmission. News reports of sexual privacy breaches (in the form of image-based abuse, or large scale data leaks), along with harassment, sexual assault and murder have heightened tensions around the use of dating apps. Despite this, little evidence exists regarding the role apps currently play in users’ everyday negotiations of consent, condom use, contraception, personal safety, and other aspects of sexual health and wellbeing.

This project responds to the need to provide more detailed firsthand accounts to better understand the way health, wellbeing and safety are experienced through dating apps.

Melbourne: Swinburne University of Technology, 2019. 46p.

By Kamarah Pooley and Hayley Boxall

In the last few years, a number of high-profile cases of sexual and violent offending have been committed after the offender and victim met through a mobile dating application (dating app). Subsequent media and popular rhetoric have positioned dating app sexual and violent offending as a major safety concern.

A literature review was conducted to determine the prevalence of dating app violence, the design features of dating apps that create and prevent opportunities for violence to occur, and the prevention strategies used by individual users and app designers. Results suggest that dating app users are at greater risk of sexual and violent victimisation than non-users. Dating app features designed to promote safety and connectedness paradoxically place users at risk of victimisation. Although some dating apps feature innovative safety mechanisms, most place the onus on users to protect themselves against victimisation.

Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2020. 16p.

By Clare McGlynn, et al.

Image-based sexual abuse is a pervasive and pernicious form of sexual abuse. We use the term ‘image-based sexual abuse’ to refer to a broad range of abusive behaviours including the taking and/or distribution of nude or sexual images without consent, including threats to do so, which includes so-called ‘revenge porn’, ‘upskirting’, fakeporn, sexual extortion and videos of sexual assaults and rapes. This report draws on interviews with 25 victim-survivors of image-based sexual abuse and over 25 stakeholders, including police, policy-makers, lawyers and survivor organisations conducted over a six-month period in 2018.

Durham, UK: Durham University; University of Kent, 2019. 25p.

By Kamarah Pooley and Hayley Boxall

In the last few years, a number of high-profile cases of sexual and violent offending have been committed after the offender and victim met through a mobile dating application (dating app). Subsequent media and popular rhetoric have positioned dating app sexual and violent offending as a major safety concern.

A literature review was conducted to determine the prevalence of dating app violence, the design features of dating apps that create and prevent opportunities for violence to occur, and the prevention strategies used by individual users and app designers. Results suggest that dating app users are at greater risk of sexual and violent victimisation than non-users. Dating app features designed to promote safety and connectedness paradoxically place users at risk of victimisation. Although some dating apps feature innovative safety mechanisms, most place the onus on users to protect themselves against victimisation.

Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2020. 16p.

By Heather Wolbers, Hayley Boxall, Cameron Long, Adam Gunnoo

Use of mobile dating apps and websites has increased exponentially in the past 10 years. While these platforms create opportunities to develop and pursue social, romantic and/ or sexual relationships, both online and in the real world, media reporting and broader commentary has raised concerns about users being subjected to high levels of sexual harassment, aggression and violence.

The current study surveyed 9,987 dating app or website users in Australia to explore the prevalence and nature of dating app facilitated sexual violence (DAFSV) victimisation within the sample. Findings revealed that three-quarters of users were subjected to online DAFSV, and a third were subjected to in-person DAFSV, perpetrated by someone they met on a dating app or website. Users often experienced repeat victimisation. DAFSV victimisation was particularly common among LGB+ communities. This study provides valuable information to aid development of policies and practices to prevent the occurrence and recurrence of DAFSV.

Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2022. 101p.

By Alexandra Thompson and Susannah N. Tapp, Ph.D., BJS Statisticians

From 1993 to 2021, the rate of violent victimization declined from 79.8 to 16.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older.

„ About 46% of violent victimizations were reported to police in 2021, higher than in 2020 (40%).

„ From 2020 to 2021, the violent victimization rate increased from 19.0 to 24.5 victimizations per 1,000 persons in urban areas while remaining unchanged in suburban or rural areas.

U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2022. 31p.

Crime Statistics on reported offences reflected that a total of 134,663 cases were reported in 2017. Offence against property has the highest number of cases reported with 68,579 of such cases reported. Offence against persons recorded 53,641 cases reported while offence against lawful authority recorded the least with 12,443 cases recorded respectively.

Lagos State has the highest percentage share of total cases reported with 50,975 (37.9%) cases recorded. Abia and Delta State followed closely with 12,408(9.2%) and 7,150(5.3%) cases recorded respectively. Kebbi State has the lowest percentage share of total cases reported with 205(0.2%) cases recorded. Kogi and Bauchi States followed closely with 282(0.20%) and 386(0.30%) cases recorded respectively.

It is pertinent to state that offence against persons are those offences against human beings e.g. murder, manslaughter, infanticide, concealment of birth, rape and other physical abuse while offence against properties are those offences against human belonging, properties of any kind e.g. stealing, receiving stolen properties, obtaining property by false pretence, robbery, burglary and house breaking.

Offences against lawful authority are any offence commitment against any establishment of the law e.g. failure to pay your tax (FIRS) amounts to an offence against lawful authority in Nigeria.

Data on Numbers of Area Commands, Divisions, Stations, Police Posts And Village Posts reflected that there are 12 Zonal Commands, 37 Commands, 217 Area Commands, 1730 Divisions Head Quarter, 1212 Police Stations, 2020 Police Post and 328 Police Village Post as at 2017.

Police Service of South Africa
Extensive month by month reporting of crimes reported to police. Download
Special presentation 2020/2022 Download

Statistics South Africa: Governance, Public Safety, And Justice Survey
Victims of Crime 2018-19 Download
Victims of Crime 2020-21 Download

Western Cape Crime Trends 2021/22 Download

BY Hanns von Hofer, Tapio Lappi-Seppälä, Lars Westfelt

In a joint Nordic project, criminal statistics from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden were compiled under the auspices of the Nordic Committee on Criminal Statistics (NUK) and were published under the title Nordisk kriminalstatistik 1950-1980 in 1982.*

In December of 1982, the first abbreviated English language version of this report was published.** For this 8th edition of the English version, the data have been updated for the years up to and including 2010 and now cover 61 years of Nordic criminal justice statistics.

This edition has been furnished with an updated summary on crime and punishment in the four Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) and an Appendix discussing the pitfalls of ad hoc chart reading.

By National Survey of Victimization and Perception of Public Safety (ENVIPE)

The National Survey of Victimization and Perception of Public Safety (ENVIPE) 2021 is the eleventh installment of the statistical series produced by the National Subsystem of Information on Government, Public Safety and Law Enforcement (SNIGSPIJ), coordinated by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). With this project, continuity is given to the topics addressed in previous editions of this survey, whose results have been declared Information of National Interest by the Governing Board of the INEGI.

DOWNLOAD:

2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011

By RESDAL

A complex index measuring the weight of three key factors for daily security: homicides, road traffic deaths, and robbery.

Latin American Security And Defence Network. Buenos Aires and Montevideo. 2001. 10P.

By Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Criminal Police Office)

The Police Crime Statistics of Germany (PCS) are compiled on the basis of the individual data sets at the “Länder” Criminal Police Offices (LKÄ) and at the Bundeskriminalamt (BKA, Federal Criminal Police Office). Some statistics prior to 2013 are also available. International crime statistics also available.