By Clifford Griffith Roe.

In the past those engaged in the girl slave traffic have managed to cast a veil of mystery about that business by keeping their operations secret. In their attempt at concealment they have been unconsciously aided by the public at large, by ministers, reformers and' social workers, since the latter too often have been unwilling to talk about the details of a subject so revolting. Yet, this very secrecy has been the chief cause of the success of the nefarious system, for it has hidden from the young girls, who are in the greatest danger, all the methods and devices by which they may be entrapped. Since this, the aiding of the evil elements in their worst phases, has been the effect of our scrupulous nicety and dislike for discussing ugly things, it is evident that we must pursue a different course. In order to save hundreds from a life, horrible be- yond words, we must cast aside all false notions of modesty. We must bring to light the methods of those engaged in the business, for we can eliminate it only by education, publicity, legislation and law enforcement. With the earnest belief that this is the only means of exterminating the panders who procure girls and sell them into slavery, I have tried in the following pages to set forth thoroughly and honestly the details of the white slave traffic and to explain the artifices and methods of the panders. The facts which appear in these pages were thrust upon me in the court room. There I heard the terrible stories of the victims, and when I learned of the vast proportions of this atrocious business, I felt I would indeed be unmindful of my duty if I did not use every effort within my power to eradi- cate this evil. In mentioning specific immoral houses in the following pages, I have purposely omitted their names and locations in order to pre-vent advertising these places. The surnames of girls who were procured have likewise been omitted for obvious reasons.

New York: Fleming H. Revell, 1910. 224p.

By Walter Elmore Fernald.

The first duty placed upon the commission was to investi- gate the "white slave traffic, so called/' and to determine, so far as possible, by what means and to what extent women and girls are induced or compelled by others to lead immoral lives. Such an investigation would necessarily lead to a study of all forms of commercialized prostitution, for any man or woman who traffics in the sexual life of any woman or girl for financial reward or gain is a trafficker in women, and therefore is a " white slaver." In the more restricted meaning the " white slaver " is a man who by means of coercion or bodily punishment com- pels a woman or girl against her will to sell herself to some other man for money which he, the "white slaver," takes- from her for his own benefit. The commission has used the broader as being the more correct interpretation, — the interpretation embodied in the federal law in the so-called Mann White Slave Act, and in our State law in chapter 424 of the Acts of 1910, the so- called Massachusetts White Slave Act. The commission has endeavored to obtain the fullest in- formation possible upon the subject outlined in the resolve creating it. Many meetings have been held. Conferences in various cities and towns have been held with police officials, judges, probation officers, district attorneys, physicians, charity workers and other citizens. Stories and rumors that have excited the public mind have been investigated. The members of the commission have personally investigated street conditions, cafes, hotels, etc., in different communities.

Boston: Wright & Potter Printing Co., 1914. 100p.

By Clifford Griffith Roe and B. S. Steadwell.

The mighty crusade to protect the purity of our homes. "And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.” ' That the truth may be known throughout the world con- cerning the traffic in girls and women, and that these poor fel- low beings may, through the knowledge of truth, be set free from bondage is the hope of the writers of this book. To protect the purity and sanctity of the home, to open the door of forgiveness to the prodigal daughter, as well as the prodigal son, to warn young womanhood against the snares of girl slave traders and to raise clean, honest manhood to the golden pinnacle of youth's ambition is the reason facts are here set forth often times unvarnished, ungilded and unpainted. Because in the past truth has been clothed in a mantle of mystery and facts have only been whispered in secret, traders in human souls have thrived and grown rich. These arch-enemies to society, the lowest of the lowly creatures on this earth, dwell in darkness; they welcome secrecy, ignorance and false modesty; they abhor light; they stifle truth and trample upon innocence. There is just one way to solve the social evil problem, and that is the way of education. A great campaign of education against the girl traffic, the blackest cloud overhanging civilization today, is under way in many countries. Education in the home, the school, the municipality, the state and the government.

London: Roe,1911. 490p.

By Michael Stern.

Commercialized vice in the machine age, from the official records at the New York District attorney's office. Working part time for the Brooklyn district attorney’s office in the 1930s, Mr. Stern gathered evidence that was used to convict the organizers of a prostitution ring. This experience provided the material for his first book, “The White Ticket: Commercialized Vice in the Machine Age,” published in 1936.

New York: National Library Press, 1936. 255p.

by Clifford Griffith Roe and B. S. Steadwell.

Or Fighting for the Protection of Our Girls. Truthful and chaste account op the hideous trade op buying and selling young girls for immoral purposes. startling disclosures made by white slaves during the trials of many pro- curers and traders. the cruel and inhuman treatment of white slaves. the astounding confession of a pander. graphic accounts of how white slaves are ensnared and a full exposi- tion of the methods and schemes used to lure and trap the girls. —also—Containing a Full Account of the Great Fight for the Suppression of White Slavery and the Great Movement for Purity in Our Homes.

London: Roe, 1911. 494p.

By George Jackson Kneeland.

In presenting to the public this volume, the first of four studies dealing with various aspects of the problem of prostitution, it seems fitting to make a statement with reference to the origin, work and plans of the Bureau of Social Hygiene. The Bureau came into existence about two years ago, as a result of the work of the Special Grand Jury which investigated the white slave traffic in New York City during the first half of the year 1910. One of the recommendations made by the jury in the presentment handed up at the termination of its labors was that a public commission be appointed to study the social evil. The foreman of the jury subsequently gave careful con-, sideration to the character of the work which might properly be done by such a commission and the limitations under which it would operate. In this connection, sep- arate personal conferences were held with over a hundred leading men and women in the city, among whom were lawyers, physicians, business men, bank presidents, presidents of commercial organizations, clergymen, settlement workers, social workers, labor leaders and reformers. These conferences led to the conclusion that a public commission would labor under a number of disadvantages, such as the fact that it would be short-lived ; that its work would be done publicly; that at best it could hardly do...

The purpose of this volume is to set forth as accurately and fully as possible the conditions of vice as they existed in New York City during the year 19 12. It should be clearly understood that the data upon which it is based are not presented as legal evidence, but as reliable information secured by careful and experienced investi-gators, whose work was systematically corroborated. In presenting the facts contained in this report, the Bureau has no thought of criticizing any department or official of the city administration. The task which the Bureau set itself was that of preparing a dispassionate, objective account of things as they were during the period above mentioned, the forms which commercialized vice had assumed, the methods by which it was carried on, the whole network of relations which had been elaborated below the surface of society. The studies involved were made in a spirit of scientific inquiry, and it is the hope of the Bureau that all departments or officials whose work this book in any way touches may find the information therein contained helpful to them in the further direction and organization of their work.

New York: Century, 1913. 344p.

By Mrs. Archibald MacKirdy and W. N. Willis.

No one to whom Eate or Providence has been kind cares to step from pleasant everyday ways of life into treacherous and dangerous paths which lead to suffering and unpopularity. No man or woman who has within grasp means of following a pleasant way in life would accept a grievous charge and painful labour, save for conscience' sake, and with the hope of waking public opinion to its duty in a matter of national importance.written about, but the part of it relating to the East has not been previously dealt within a volume of this kind. Even in this country the fearful trade has not much diminished. It is quite true that some very notorious houses or rendezvous have beenclosed, and that one restaurant which washaunted by the unhappy women who have nomeans of getting a living but by selling themselves to men, has been raided and shut up.But this was chiefly done by the work of theSalvation Army, as I know, for I went outwith the midnight workers and saw what washappening.

London: Stanley Paul and Co., 1912. 346p.

By O. EdwardJanney.

There seems to be need for a description of the white slave traffic in this country, and for some account of the movement that has arisen for its suppression, together with a discussion of the methods that may be employed to accomplish that end. There are multitudes of parents, teachers and other persons having charge of young people, who are unaware of the dangers that threaten young women through the adroit agents of this traffic. These need to be informed.

New York: National Vigilance Committee, 1911. 203p.

By E. Norine Law.

Immorality not only clouds and destroys the intellect, It brings physical disease and decay, as well as spiritual death. The conditions of social vice and sexual impurity in exist- ence to-day in the United States are horrible, pitiable andalarming. We must try to cause an arrest of thought and teach a higher grade of ideals or no one can foresee what the awful results will be. Indeed, the sickening tales of impurity and sexual vice that can be told are enough to frighten every person really interested in saving the people from destruction. Not only the present but the future welfare of our people are at stake.

Harrisburg, PA: United Evangelical Publishing House, 1909. 199p.

By the National Vigilance Association.

Transactions of the International Congress on the White Slave Trade....held in London, 1899. The White Slave Trade is the traffic in girls for immoral purposes, which is unhappily carried on not only in the East, where slavery is avowed, but more or less throughout Europe, For such girls there is a constant demand in the markets of vice, on the part of the infamous persons who keep houses of ill-fame with resident inmates. In all such houses the position of the miserable women is one of servitude. Their isolation, their friendlessness, the contempt with which they are usually regarded by respectable society, keep them under the control of the keepers of the houses ; who by charging them extortionate prices for everything supplied, and retaining the ownership of even the clothes they wear, keep them always nominally in their debt, a debt which is recovered when they sell the girl to another house. For the girl is often procured and bought at great expense, and as she becomes less and less valuable for the corrupt purpose, she is sold to lower and lower houses. This trade is of course comparatively little known in England, owing to the publicity of proceedings, and the high rate of wages, though the societies which concern themselves with such matters are continually coming across cases of young girls decoyed, or persuaded away to foreign parts; and even in England it is not always easy, in practice, to get a girl out of a brothel. But the poorer parts of Europe are visited by travelling agents, who have their local purveyors, and conduct their victims to the East and West, where they are lost in the bad houses. One large branch of the trade goes through Constantinople, another has its destination in the South American ports, chiefly Buenos Ayrea.

London : Printed by Wertheimer, Lea and Co., 1899. 174p.

By Ernest A. Bell.

Or War on the White Slave Trade. “ A complete and detailed account of the shameless traffic in young girls, the methods by -which the procurers and panders lure innocent young girls away from home and sell them to keepers of dives. The magnitude of the organization and its workings. How to combat this hideous monster. How to save YOUR GIRL. How to save YOUR BOY. What you can do to help -wipe out this curse of humanity. A book designed to awaken the sleeping and protect the innocent.”

Chicago: G.S. Ball, 1910. 482p.

By Bonnie Clementsson.

A history of forbidden relations. . Translation by Lena Olson. “On 23 June 1702, a soldier named Jon Larsson and his wife’s half-sister Karin Jönsdotter were brought before a local court in central Sweden where they tearfully confessed their sins. A few weeks before Christmas of the previous year they had engaged in sexual intercourse on one occasion, following which Karin had become pregnant.”

Lund University Press (2020) 347 pages.

By Jeannette Kamp.

“In 2015 the Spiegel Online—one of the most widely read German-language news websites—published a satirical article under the headline: ‘Stimulating women’s crime’.1 According to the article, discrimination against women was nowhere more visible than in the national criminal statistics, where women were consistently underrepresented as offenders. The article also proposed the solution to this problem: a new course developed to stimulate and support women to become less law-abiding. In each of the three levels of the course (from beginners to advanced), the female participants were taught to break down the barriers preventing them from committing offences in a similar fashion and at a similar rate as men. The issues that were addressed were passivity, cowardliness, low self-esteem, lack of aggression compassion for others and law-abidingness”.

Brill (2020) 348p.

Edited by Joshua D. Freilich, Graeme R. Newman, S. Giora Shoham and Moshe Addad.

This was one of the first social science books to recognize migration as THE issue of the 21st century. The issue of immigration and crime in all of its many contexts and forms, is a problem which increasingly affects numerous countries throughout the world. In many countries, immigrants have been accused of disproportionate involvement in crime while, in others, immigrants are often claimed to be the victims of criminal offenders, as well as indifferent criminal justice systems. The subjects covered within this informative collection include the offending and victimization rates of immigrants and their dependants, institutional racism, human trafficking/smuggling and ethnic conflicts. In particular, the problems faced by female immigrants are addressed in detail. Whilst some papers look at the issues facing particular countries, such as Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia, Israel and Turkey, others adopt a more comparative approach. Migration, Culture Conflict and Crime is an essential and compelling read for all those with a strong interest in this important area. Not only does it significantly advance our scientific knowledge concerning the relationship between immigration, crime and justice, but it also sets forth a number of proposals which, if implemented, could address many of the problems found in these areas. It is as relevant today as the day it was published.

NY. Harrow and Heston Publishers. 2012.

By Ines Hasselberg.

What effect do British policies of deportation have on those facing deportation and their families? What strategies are devised to cope with and react to deportation? In what ways does deportability influence one’s sense of justice, security and self, and how does that translate into everyday life? In this book I address these questions through an examination of the deportation and deportability of foreign nationals convicted of one or more criminal offences in the UK.1 Taking London as the site of my field research, I explore the way foreign nationals’ deportability is felt, understood and experienced, as well as the strategies they deploy to cope with and react to their own deportation, or that of a close relative. Facing deportation implies the establishment or reinforcement of a relationship between the migrant and the host state. How that relationship develops and the resulting consequences are addressed here from the perspective of deportable migrants and their close relatives.

New York; Oxford, UK: Berghahn Books, 2016. 188p.

By A Ticket-of-Leave Man.

Or Revelations Concerning Convicts and Convict Prisons, by A Ticket-of-Leave Man. “It is hoped that these pages may be read with interest, not only as a truthful record of Convict Life, but also as a contribution towards Convict-Prison Reform. The writer has at least one qualification entitling him to express an opinion on this important subject: he writes — alas! — from personal experience. Many names which would have added confirmation to the facts recited, have for obvious reasons been omitted. “

London: Wyman & Sons, 1879. 252p.

By Laura Affolter.

On the Front Line of Administrative Decision-Making.. The book explores the conditions of possibility that shape asylum decisions, taking us well beyond arguments about the apparently arbitrary nature of much asylum decision making, to show how such work is structured and made possible through routines, tacit forms of knowledge and shared meanings. In doing so, the book demonstrates that the distinction between rules on the one hand, and discretion on the other hand, is misplaced, as all decisions and judgements are made possible and constrained by wider histories and relationships”. —Prof. Tobias Kelly.

Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies (2021) 123p.

By Said Saddiki.

The Structure, Roles and Effectiveness of Separation Barriers. The crisis of borders and prisons can be seen starkly in statistics. In 2011 some 1,500 migrants died trying to enter Europe, and the United States deported nearly 400,000 and imprisoned some 2.3 million people―more than at any other time in history. International borders are increasingly militarized places embedded within domestic policing and imprisonment and entwined with expanding prison-industrial complexes. Beyond Walls and Cages offers scholarly and activist perspectives on these issues and explores how the international community can move toward a more humane future.Working at a range of geographic scales and locations, contributors examine concrete and ideological connections among prisons, migration policing and detention, border fortification, and militarization. They challenge the idea that prisons and borders create safety, security, and order,….

Open Book (2017) 154 pages.

By Julie Draskoczy.

From the Introduction: “In his autobiography the Belomor prisoner Andrei Kupriianov wrote, ‘No, I am not an alien element. I am united with the working class in soul, body, and blood. My father, mother, and I were all killed for the cause of the working class.’ While his parents’ deaths were literal, Kupriianov’s own death was metaphorical—his former, criminal self had been killed to allow for the creation of a devoted Soviet citizen. Kupriianov immediately introduces physicality and violence into the understanding of his identity…

Academic Studies Press (2014). 253 pages.

Edited By Charles C. Jalloh, Kamari M. Clarke, and Vincent O. Nmehielle .

Development and Challenges. “On 27 June 2014, the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union adopted the Protocol on Amendments to the Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights (‘Malabo Protocol’). The Malabo Protocol, which seeks to establish the first-ever African court with a tripartite jurisdiction over human rights, criminal and general matters is aimed at complementing national, sub-regional and continental bodies and institu- tions in preventing serious and massive violations of human rights in Africa through, among other things, the prosecutions of the perpetrators of such crimes as specified in the statute annexed to the treaty.

Cambridge University Press. (2019) 1,200 pages.