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SOCIAL SCIENCES

Social sciences examine human behavior, social structures, and interactions in various settings. Fields such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, and economics study social relationships, cultural norms, and institutions. By using different research methods, social scientists seek to understand community dynamics, the effects of policies, and factors driving social change. This field is important for tackling current issues, guiding public discussions, and developing strategies for social progress and innovation.

Posts in Social Sciences
Time Series Models for Business and Economic Forecasting

By Philip Hans Franses

The econometric analysis of economic and business time series is a major field of research and application. The last few decades have witnessed an increasing interest in both theoretical and empirical developments in constructing time series models and in their important application in forecasting. In Time Series Models for Business and Economic Forecasting, Philip Franses examines recent developments in time series analysis. The early parts of the book focus on the typical features of time series data in business and economics. Part III is concerned with the discussion of some important concepts in time series analysis, the discussion focuses on the techniques which can be readily applied in practice. Parts IV-VIII suggest different modeling methods and model structures. Part IX extends the concepts in chapter three to multivariate time series. Part X examines common aspects across time series.

Cambridge University Press, Oct 15, 1998, 280 pages

The Idea Of Race

By Michael Banton

On the fourteenth of August 1862, Abraham Lincoln summoned to the White House a group of black Americans to explain to them his despair about the future of black people in the United States and his interest in schemes for sending them back to Africa. He began: ’You and we are different races. We have between us a broader difference than exists between any other two races. Whether it is right or wrong I need not discuss, but this physical difference is a great disadvantage to us both, as I think your race suffer very greatly, many of them by living among us, while ours suffer from your presence.”

Avalon Publishing, 1978, 194 pages

Time Series and Dynamic Models

By Christian Gourieroux, Alain Monfort

In this book Christian Gourieroux and Alain Monfort provide an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of modern time series econometrics. They have succeeded in synthesising in an organised and integrated way a broad and diverse literature. While the book does not assume a deep knowledge of economics, one of its most attractive features is the close attention it pays to economic models and phenomena throughout. The coverage represents a major reference tool for graduate students, researchers and applied economists. The book is divided into four sections. Section one gives a detailed treatment of classical seasonal adjustment or smoothing methods. Section two provides a thorough coverage of various mathematical tools. Section three is the heart of the book, and is devoted to a range of important topics including causality, exogeneity shocks, multipliers, cointegration and fractionally integrated models. The final section describes the main contribution of filtering and smoothing theory to time series econometric problems.

Cambridge University Press, 1997, 668 pages

Practice: Journalism, Essays and Criticism

By Guy Rundle

Known for his wild wit and irreverent commentary, Guy Rundle is one of Australia's most virtuosic minds. Practice distils his best writing on politics, culture, class and more. In it, Rundle roves the campaign trails of Obama, Palin and Trump; rides the Amtrak around a desolate America; bails up Bob Katter and Pauline Hanson; and excavates the deeper meanings of True Detective and Joy Division. Insightful and hilarious, Practice reveals Rundle as among Australia's sharpest and most entertaining minds, with a genuinely awe-inducing range and an utterly inimitable voice. There is only one Guy Rundle.

Black Incorporated, 2019, 369 pages

Power, Corruption, and Rectitude

By Arnold A. Rogow and Harold D. Lasswell

When Lord Acton observed without qualification that “power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely/’ he found words for one of the deepest convictions of modem liberals and democrats. Based on broad and unstated sentiments, the Acton aphorism instantly took on something of the quality of a law or of a fundamental axiom of mathematics. Everywhere there was a feeling that in the mechanics of achieving power men and institutions acquired some malignancy and the greater the power the greater the degree of malignancy. “Power . . . corrupts . . seemed to be the trickle of truth brilliantly squeezed out of a mountain of agreement, sentiment, and experience. Tire aphorism was immediately incorporated into the doctrinal exercises of the professional philosophers of democratic and liberal outlook. But it went much further. It appealed to the common sense of the citizen at large and became a mandatory article of faith in the public declarations of men of democratic action.

prentice-hall, INC. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1963, 141p.

Beyond Fake News - Advancing media and information literacy for an informed society

By Blerta Aliu and Dren Gërguri

The rapid digital transformation and the rise of disinformation pose significant challenges to democratic societies, making Media and Information Literacy (MIL) a critical tool in combating misinformation, fostering critical thinking, and promoting responsible media engagement. Kosovo ranks among the lowest in Europe in media literacy, leaving its population highly susceptible to disinformation, biased reporting, and digital manipulation. Despite this urgent need, Kosovo lacks a comprehensive MIL strategy, a structured curriculum, and adequate teacher training, making it essential to develop systematic policies that integrate media education across institutions. This document consolidates six policy briefs that assess key MIL challenges and propose strategic solutions. The findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive and coordinated approach, including integrating MIL into the formal education system as a core subject, equipping teachers with necessary training, and expanding public awareness initiatives. AI literacy is also highlighted as a growing necessity, as artificial intelligence plays an increasing role in shaping information ecosystems. The policy briefs further address the importance of ethical and inclusive media representation of marginalized groups, particularly in combating stereotypes and biased reporting. Additionally, strengthening students' digital competencies is vital to navigating online risks such as misinformation, cyberbullying, and manipulation. AI-based fact-checking tools are also identified as crucial for verifying information efficiently, while addressing gender stereotypes in popular media is essential to fostering more inclusive and equitable societal narratives. The OSCE Mission in Kosovo plays a central role in advocating for MIL reforms by fostering collaboration among policymakers, educators, media professionals, and civil society actors. Through its support for responsible journalism, digital literacy programs, and fact-based public discourse, the Mission contributes to the development of a more informed and resilient society. Investing in MIL is not just about strengthening Kosovo’s ability to counter misinformation - it is a fundamental step toward safeguarding democratic principles, ensuring media freedom, and fostering a culture of informed and active citizen engagement in an increasingly digital world.

Prague: The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), 2025. 34p.

Exploring the digital extremist ecosystem: a preliminary analysis of hateful posts on Mod DB

By Linda Schlegel, Lars Wiegold, Constantin Winkler, Julian Jung

The last 4 years have seen a stark increase in research on extremist activities in digital gaming spaces, particularly on gaming- and gaming-adjacent platforms. However, one area that has not received much attention so far are mod forums. While a large number of mods with hateful content have been created over the last two decades, the forums used to disseminate and discuss such mods have not yet been examined by extremism researchers. Considering the popularity of modding and mod forums among gaming communities, this is a crucial gap in our current understanding of extremist activities in digital gaming spaces. In an effort to address this research gap, this article offers an exploratory analysis of hateful and extremist posts on the popular mod forum Mod DB, including right-wing extremist, jihadist, antisemitic and mixed-ideology content. We seek to provide a preliminary glimpse into this under-researched digital space, complementing existing research on extremist activities on other gaming (−adjacent) platforms. Our research thereby broadens the current state of knowledge regarding the various gaming-related platforms frequented by extremist actors and radicalized individuals and contributes new insights about a thus far under-explored digital space.

Front. Psychol., 11 February 2025, 15p.

Taking it to the extreme: prevalence and nature of extremist sentiment in games

By Rachel Kowert, Elizabeth Kilmer and Alex Newhouse

More than half of all game players report experiencing some form of hate, harassment or abuse within gaming spaces. While prevalence assessments of these actions in digital gaming spaces are ongoing, little remains known about the more extreme forms of these behaviors. Specifically, experiences of extremism. This paper addresses the gap in research knowledge around the expression of extremist sentiment in games by evaluating their prevalence, location, and nature, and impact. Assessing experiences via an online survey, game players (n  =  423) reported an alarmingly high rate of frequency for being the direct target of, as well as a witness to, all forms of extremist content. Most of these experiences were text-based, reported to be happening in-game. Most players endorsed statements relating to a normalization of extreme ideologies within gaming cultures. It is promising that reporting these behaviors was the primary action taken by players for most of the players; however, “ignoring” these actions was also a common strategy. It is possible that player inaction reflects the embeddedness and normalization of these actions in gaming spaces and/or a lack of trust in moderation systems to be responsive. The prevalence of extreme sentiment in gaming cultures should raise concern from game makers, members of the gaming community, parents, and policy makers alike.

Front. Psychol., 15 August 2024

A systematic review on the outcomes of primary and secondary prevention programs in the field of violent radicalization. 

By Ghayda Hassan 1 Sébastien Brouillette-Alarie 1 Sarah Ousman 1 Deniz Kilinc 1 Éléa Laetitia Savard 1 Wynnpaul Varela 1 Lysiane Lavoie 1 Arber Fetiu 1

  Over the past two decades, planned and executed attacks attributed to extremist movements or “lone actors” have intensified and spread throughout many parts of the world, amplifying the fears of local populations and prompting a number of governments to invest significant sums of money into preventing violent radicalization and extremism  Despite these investments, current knowledge regarding best practices for prevention remains disparate, and the effectiveness of current practices has not yet been clearly established. This means that trillions of dollars are currently being spent funding programs whose effectiveness and potential side effects are unknown. Considering the above, the Canadian Practitioners Network for Prevention of Radicalization and Extremist Violence (CPNPREV; https://cpnprev.ca/) has conducted a systematic review on the effectiveness of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention programs in the field of preventing violent extremism (PVE). The goals of this review were threefold: 1) to determine if primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention programs are able to counter violent radicalization; 2) to identify specific program modalities associated with a higher chance of success or failure for the targeted populations; and 3) to assess the quality of the literature in order to identify less reliable evidence, knowledge gaps, and studies which should be given more weight in the interpretation of results The review integrated evidence on the following: a) religiously-inspired (e.g., Islamist), right-wing, extreme-left, and “singleissue” (e.g., misogyny) violent radicalization; b) outcomes classified by prevention levels; and c) benefits/harms, costs, transferability, and community-related implementation issues when mentioned by the authors. We used systematic review methods developed by the Campbell and Cochrane collaborations. The logic model driving the review is grounded in an ecosystemic public health model, dividing programs into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention levels. Because the outcomes of primary/secondary PVE programs and those of tertiary prevention programs were very disparate, we decided to treat results of primary/secondary prevention programs separately from those of tertiary prevention programs. However, we used a common method for both reviews. Of the 11,836 studies generated from the searches undertaken (up to June 2019), only 56 were found to be eligible for this review (i.e., they included an empirical—quantitative or qualitative—evaluation of a primary or secondary prevention initiative using primary data). Among these, 23 were found to be of insufficient methodological quality (score of 3/10 or less on the Quality of Study Assessment tool) and were therefore excluded The final set of studies comprised 33 evaluations of primary or secondary prevention programs. They reached a total sample of 6,520 individuals from 15 countries, with sample sizes ranging from 5 to 1,446 participants (M = 210.32, SD = 396.0). Most of the identified studies (k = 24) evaluated programs targeting violent Islamist radicalization. Nine studies assessed the outcomes of “general” prevention programs, that is, programs that do not target a specific type of violent radicalization but rather aim to improve openness towards others, respect, civic education, etc., within both “vulnerable” individuals and the general population. Only one study assessed programs targeting violent far-right radicalization, and none targeted far-left or single-issue violent radicalization. Among the 33 program evaluation studies, 18 reported mostly positive outcomes, seven reported mixed outcomes (both positive and negative), and eight reported mostly negative outcomes. Of note, all negative assessments were related to initiatives under Prevent, the UK’s national PVE strategy. On average, primary and secondary prevention programs seemed more effective than targeted primary prevention programs. However, this result is inevitably linked to the multiple negative assessments of Prevent, a strategy encompassing multiple targeted primary prevention programs.  

Montreal::Canadian Practitioners Network for the Prevention of Radicalization and Extremist Violence., 

2021. 152p.

Safety and Security at Institutions of Higher Education: Understanding Trends, Practices, and Future Needs

By Pauline Moore, Melissa Kay Diliberti, Isaiah Simmons, Heather L. Schwartz, Brian A. Jackson

Ensuring the safety of students, faculty, and staff is a multifaceted challenge that requires institutions of higher education (IHEs) to navigate myriad threats, hazards, and risks. Concerns about safety and security at IHE campuses encompass everything from various forms of violence to the safety of pedestrian traffic, to the security of personal and institutional property. The strategies that IHEs rely on to help prevent crime and violence, protect their communities and buildings, and respond to violence are far from uniform. However, there is relatively little comprehensive information about the ways IHEs are addressing the variety of threats and risks they face and little guidance about how they can best work within their communities and in collaboration with outside partners.

In this report, the authors seek to shed light on trends in crime and violence at IHE campuses across the United States and what institutions are doing to ensure the safety and security of their communities. The authors develop a set of actionable recommendations for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)—on its own or in partnership with other federal government agencies—to provide additional support to IHEs in the broad area of safety and security. The authors highlight current practices in the areas of violence prevention, physical security, response, and emergency preparedness and discuss the various stakeholders IHEs work with, both within and outside their immediate communities, to address safety needs.

Key Findings

The increasing prevalence of mental health issues among students and heightened sensitivities to gun violence among postsecondary students who have experienced school shootings, as well as the complexities involved in managing campus protests, are especially pressing emerging concerns across IHEs in the United States.

The IHEs represented in the sample largely rely on a collaborative approach to keeping their campus communities safe. Effective campus safety and security efforts involve collaboration among multiple institutional stakeholders, community-level partners, and federal agencies.

Physical security measures, including the use of security personnel, are key to keeping campuses safe. IHEs also rely heavily on security personnel to promote safety and protect their campuses. Community policing seems to be especially important when it comes to fostering positive relationships between campus law enforcement and the broader campus community, although perceptions of campus police vary across student populations.

Although IHEs are making considerable efforts to keep their communities safe, resource constraints, including limited funding and staff time, pose important challenges to maintaining and improving safety and security strategies.

IHE campuses across the United States are often a microcosm of broader societal issues, which can complicate the work of campus safety personnel.

Future research related to safety and security at IHEs is needed. In particular, more up-to-date data are needed in several areas, including about postsecondary students’ perceptions of threats, trends in reporting safety-related concerns, and the shifting nature of the challenges that IHEs are facing.

Recommendations

Create a centralized clearinghouse of safety and security federal grant opportunities specifically for IHEs. Identified grants could promote opportunities for IHEs to make improvements to safety and security infrastructure, including physical security measures, and mental health services for college-age populations.

Further facilitate information-sharing and collaboration among IHEs, local law enforcement, and state and federal agencies. This could include publishing resources that highlight best practices in dealing with various types of threats and opportunities to conduct joint training exercises or host a library of tabletop exercises accessible to IHE administrators, campus safety and security personnel (including campus law enforcement agencies), and local law enforcement partners.

Further encourage mutual aid agreements on safety and security. DHS can be an important leader in fostering and supporting the development of mutual aid agreements among IHEs and between IHEs and local emergency responders to ensure coordinated responses during large events and emergencies.

Provide guidance to help IHEs develop user-friendly and accessible reporting systems for their campus communities and improve reporting outreach.

Provide additional resources and guidance to help IHEs address the threat of targeted violence on college campuses. Addressing targeted violence, including gun violence, on IHE campuses requires measures that support prevention, mitigation, response, and recovery.

Given the heightened sensitivities to gun violence with which many postsecondary students are coming to college, DHS could consider expanding guidance to IHEs on how to adequately consider and respond to the potential psychological impacts of measures designed to improve response to targeted violence.

Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2025. 143p.

Fight Bias and Legalize Meritocracy: A Unifying Vision for Antidiscrimination Law

By Robert VerBruggen

Antidiscrimination law has become a flashpoint in American political debates once again. With the Supreme Court’s decision striking down affirmative action and a legal campaign against race-conscious “diversity, equity, and inclusion” (DEI) programs—a campaign that now enjoys the support of the executive branch—there has been increased attention to how these laws protect not only black, Hispanic, and Native Americans, but also white and Asian Americans. Some on the right have also resuscitated age-old libertarian arguments that antidiscrimination law necessarily violates freedom of association and should be pared back in general. Meanwhile, given ongoing racial gaps in many important outcomes, DEI advocates on the political left have fought to protect and expand race-conscious programs and policies. This report explains the history and current state of play of antidiscrimination law, with a focus on racial discrimination in employment, contracting, housing, and admissions to selective schools and colleges—areas in which interpersonal discrimination can limit access to important opportunities. It also assesses the role of discrimination in racial disparities over time and offers suggestions for reform.

New York: Manhattan Institute, 2025. 26p.

The effect of health insurance on crime: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion

By Qiwei He Scott Barkowski

Little evidence exists on the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on criminal behavior, a gap in the literature that this paper seeks to address. Using a simple model, we argue we should anticipate a decrease in time devoted to criminal activities in response to the expansion, since the availability of the ACA Medicaid coverage raises the opportunity cost of crime. This prediction is particularly relevant for the ACA expansion since it primarily affects childless adults, a population likely to contain individuals who engage in criminal behavior. We validate this forecast empirically using a difference-in-differences framework, estimating the expansion’s effects on panel datasets of state- and county-level crime rates. Our estimates suggest that the ACA Medicaid expansion was negatively associated with burglary, vehicle theft, homicide, robbery, and assault. These crime-reduction spillover effects represent an important offset to the government’s cost burden for the ACA Medicaid expansion.

Health Economics. 2020; 1– 17.

Isolation and Insurrection: How Partisanship and Political Geography Fueled January 6, 2021 

By Konstantin Sonin, David Van Dijcke, and Austin L. Wright 

The massive violent protest at the US Capitol on January 6, 2021, was a rare event for a mature democracy. We investigate its drivers using location data from 40 million mobile devices. Leveraging a novel approach for estimating spatially-dispersed protest participation, we show that political isolation amplified the effect of partisanship on participation. Increased mobilization occurred in states with close Trump losses and politically isolated counties with proBiden election-night shifts. These results align with a model in which protesters from isolated communities are more sensitive to information from their preferred sources. Our findings shed light on deep motivations and immediate triggers of violent collective action.  

  WORKING PAPER · NO. 2021-13, 2023. 75p.

International Disinformation: A Handbook for Analysis and Response

By Robert Kupiecki, Filip Bryjka and Tomasz Chłoń

Dive into the world of disinformation with this groundbreaking book. Uncover how Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) shapes modern politics and society, and how it impacts your own life. Explore answers to key questions: What are the origins and characteristics of disinformation? How can we identify it? How do we counteract it? Packed with historical and current data, this book reveals the tactics states use to manipulate information. Understand strategies, from micro-targeting to crafting strategic disinformation campaigns. This essential read empowers you to navigate today's complex media landscape and build your own resilience against disinformation.

Leiden; Boston: Brill: 2024. 286p.

Classics and Race: A historical reader

Sarah Derbew (Editor), Daniel Orrells (Editor), Phiroze Vasunia (Editor)

Classics and Race: A historical reader provides scholars and students with an exploratory intellectual history of the complex relationships between Classics and racist/anti-racist thought-systems. It collects together a series of readings of historical primary sources from the late medieval period until the mid-twentieth century, bringing to light how the classical tradition and post-ancient constructions of race have informed each other. Each reading is accompanied by an essay, written by a leading specialist who offers a discussion of the primary source.

The volume is arranged chronologically, from the late medieval period to the Renaissance, crucial for understanding classical humanism, and on to the eighteenth century with texts foundational to the modern emergence of classical studies as a discipline and its relationship to the transatlantic slave trade. The essays show how the classical tradition has continuously been structured by debates about race, racism and anti-racism. Including voices from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Europe and North and South America, the essays demonstrate why the primary text is important for understanding this intellectual and cultural history, and the global reach of the classical tradition.

London: UCL Press, 2025. 506p.

Performing Violence: Limits and Transformative Means in Staged Violence

Edited by Davide Giovanzana

This book offers an exhaustive approach to all forms of staged violence and an in-depth analysis of their emergence and repercussions (dramaturgically and physically). This study explores instruments to surpass the dichotomic opposition victim-oppressor, to demystify the spell of violence, and to get rid of the morbid voyeurism often connected to staged violence, and eventually, it proposes transformative tools to explore empowering experiences through violence. Considering all the aspects of a theatre performance engaging with staged violence (the story displaying violence, the actors’ embodiment of violence, the spectators’ experiences of being exposed to violence, and the process of performing violence), this book proposes analytical and practical tools to explore the limit and to transform the experience of performing violence. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars in theatre and performance studies.

Oxford; New York: Routledge, 2024, 179p.

Political Expression in Sport: Transnational Challenges, Moral Defences

By Cem Abanazir

This powerful new book looks at how private institutions governing and organising sport restrict political expression. Uniquely, it makes a case for the freedom of expression for athletes, spectators and audiences built upon philosophical foundations. In the era of Colin Kaepernick and taking a knee, politics and protest in sport have never been more visible and immediate. Drawing on a wide range of international cases, including protest actions from athletes such as Tommie Smith and John Carlos, Naomi Osaka and Feyisa Lilesa, as well as the reactions from sport organisations including the IOC, FIFA, UEFA and the NFL, the book argues that the organisation of sport at the hands of associations and leagues and their transnational power to regulate, adjudicate and enforce matters according to their interests lead to the restriction of freedom of expression. Focusing on the individual, the book presents a framework for the defence of freedom of expression in sport on moral grounds and also explores the limits to freedom of expression, especially those arising from hate speech, that might better serve both the individual and sport as an institution. This book is fascinating reading for anybody with an interest in the ethics, philosophy or politics of sport, sport governance, the relationship between sport and wider society, or moral or political philosophy

London; New York, Routledge, 2023. 212p.

Building an International Cybersecurity Regime: Multistakeholder Diplomacy

Edited by Ian Johnstone, Arun Sukumar, and Joel Trachtman

Providing a much-needed study on cybersecurity regime building, this comprehensive book is a detailed analysis of cybersecurity norm-making processes and country positions, through the lens of multi-stakeholder diplomacy. Multidisciplinary and multinational scholars and practitioners use insights drawn from high-level discussion groups to provide a rigorous analysis of how major cyber powers view multi-stakeholder diplomacy.

Cheltenham, UK: Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023. 282p.

Revisiting Judicial Politics in the European Union

Edited by Mark Dawson, Bruno de Witte, and Elise Muir

Addressing the tensions between the political and the legal dimension of European integration as well as intra-institutional dynamics, this insightful book navigates the complex topic of judicial politics. Providing an overview of key topics in the current debate and including an introductory chapter on different conceptions of judicial politics, experts in law and politics interrogate the broader political role of the European Court of Justice.

Cheltenham, UK: Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024. 388p.

Digital Media and Grassroots Anti-Corruption: cContexts, Platforms and Data of Anti-Corruption Technologies Worldwide

Edited by Alice Mattoni

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. Delving into a burgeoning field of research, this enlightening book utilises case studies from across the globe to explore how digital media is used at the grassroots level to combat corruption. Bringing together an impressive range of experts, Alice Mattoni deftly assesses the design, creation and use of a wide range of anti-corruption technologies

Cheltenham, UK: Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024. 286p.