By RAND Europe

This document is the final report of a study commissioned by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) in November 2019 to examine Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based capabilities for border and coast guard applications. This report presents the main findings of the study, including:  A characterisation of the evolving landscape of AI-based capabilities in border security and mapping of the technology, capability areas and border security functions to which AI may be applied;  Mapping of the current and desired capability levels for nine selected technology areas, as well as pathways to their adoption;  Discussion of cross-cutting enablers and barriers for adoption of AI-based capabilities in border security; and  Reflections on the implications for Frontex.

Warsaw, Poland: Frontex – European Border and Coast Guard Agency, 2020. 167p.