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Essays Selected and Introduced by Thomas Landon Thorso

Plato explores the captivating enigma of one of the most influential philosophers in history. Plato's ideas continue to shape our understanding of society, politics, and ethics. But was Plato truly an advocate for totalitarian rule, as some argue, or did his vision align more with democratic principles? Delve into this thought-provoking analysis that challenges conventional interpretations and sheds new light on the complex legacy of Plato. Engaging and informative, this book is a must-read for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the origins of political thought.

PRENTICE-HALL, INC., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.. 1963. 190p.

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by Herbert Marcuse

One-Dimensional Man by Herbert Marcuse is a seminal work that delves into the intricacies of advanced industrial society and the subtle ways in which ideology influences and shapes our everyday lives. By exploring the concept of one-dimensionality, Marcuse dissects the impact of technological advancements, consumer culture, and social control mechanisms on individual freedom and critical thinking.

Through insightful analysis and thought-provoking arguments, Marcuse challenges readers to question the status quo and break free from the confines of a society that promotes homogeneity and conformity. One-Dimensional Man serves as a critical examination of contemporary society while providing a roadmap for envisioning a more liberated and authentic existence. This book continues to resonate with readers seeking to navigate the complexities of modern life and understand the forces that shape our collective consciousness.

Beacon Press. Boston. 1964. 274p.

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BY FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE. TRANSLATED BY WALTER KAUFMANN and R. J. HOLLINGDALE

On the Genealogy of Morals--Ecce Homo by Friedrich Nietzsche, translated by Walter Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale, delves into Nietzsche's exploration of the origin and development of moral values in society. In this profound work, Nietzsche challenges traditional beliefs about good and evil, shedding light on the complex interplay between power, culture, and morality. With incisive analysis and provocative insights, Nietzsche's timeless examination offers readers a thought-provoking journey into the fundamental nature of ethics and human behavior. This translation, skillfully rendered by Kaufmann and Hollingdale, captures the essence of Nietzsche's visionary ideas, making this philosophical masterpiece accessible to contemporary audiences seeking to unravel the mysteries of morality and existence.

A Division of Random House. VINTAGE BOOKS. NEW YORK. 1967. 374p.

BY JOHN DEWEY

Moral Principles in Education by John Dewey is a seminal work that explores the fundamental role of ethical values in the educational process. Originally published in 1909, Dewey's insightful analysis delves into the importance of instilling moral principles in students to cultivate responsible citizenship and ethical decision-making.

Drawing on his expertise in philosophy and education, Dewey argues that education should not only focus on academic knowledge but also on fostering moral character and social responsibility. Through engaging prose and thought-provoking ideas, the book challenges traditional educational practices and advocates for a more holistic approach to teaching and learning.

With timeless wisdom and relevance, Moral Principles in Education continues to inspire educators and scholars to consider the ethical dimensions of education and the profound impact it can have on shaping individuals and societies. Dewey's groundbreaking work remains essential reading for anyone passionate about the intersection of ethics and education.

HO. 1909. UGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY BOSTON • · NEW YORK • · CHICAGO • · DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO The Riverside Press. 1909. 24p.

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BY SISSELA BOK

In "Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life," author Sissela Bok delves into the complex ethical considerations surrounding deception. Exploring the impact of lies on both personal relationships and societal dynamics, Bok challenges readers to confront the nuances of truth-telling in various contexts. Drawing upon philosophical insights and real-world examples, the book invites readers to reflect on the moral implications of deceit and the role of honesty in fostering trust and integrity. A thought-provoking exploration of a ubiquitous yet often overlooked aspect of human behavior, "Lying" offers a compelling case for the importance of ethical decision-making in our daily lives.

VINTAGE BOOKS. A Division of Random House. New York. 1974. 381p.

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Translated By Lee M. Hollander.

Selections From The Writings Of Kierkegaard offers a thought-provoking insight into the profound ideas of the renowned philosopher Søren Kierkegaard. This collection brings together a curated selection of his most influential works, allowing readers to delve into the complexities of existentialism, faith, and the human experience. With a compelling blend of philosophy and theology, Kierkegaard's writings continue to resonate with readers seeking a deeper understanding of the self and the world around them. This book serves as a captivating introduction to the enduring legacy of one of history's most significant thinkers.

NY. Doubleday. 1960.. 261p.

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By P. H. Nowell-Smith

Ethics by P. H. Nowell-Smith delves into the complex realm of moral philosophy with clarity and depth. This seminal work explores fundamental ethical questions, offering an insightful analysis of various ethical theories and their practical applications. Nowell-Smith's lucid writing style makes this book accessible to both newcomers to the subject and seasoned philosophers alike. A timeless classic in the field of ethics, this book continues to provoke critical thinking and lively debate on the nature of right and wrong.

Blackwell, 1957, 342 pages

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By Mary Warnock

In "Ethics Since 1900," renowned philosopher Mary Warnock provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of ethical theories and debates over the past century. From the rise of utilitarianism and deontology to contemporary discussions on environmental ethics and bioethics, Warnock navigates the complex landscape of moral philosophy with clarity and insight. Drawing on her expertise, Warnock delves into key ethical issues such as personal autonomy, justice, and the ethical implications of technological advancements. "Ethics Since 1900" is a thought-provoking exploration of the ever-evolving ethical considerations that shape our understanding of right and wrong in the modern world.

Oxford University Press, 1960, 212 pages

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BY MAX HORKHEIMER AND THEODOR W. ADORNO

Dialectic of Enlightenment is, quite justifiably, one of the most celebrated and often cited works of modern social philosophy. It has been identified as the keystone of the 'Frankfurt School', of which Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer were the leading members, and does not cease to impress in its wide-ranging ambition and panache. Adorno and Horkheimer addressees themselves to a question which went to the very heart of the modern age, namely 'why mankind, instead of entering into a truly human condition, is sinking into a new kind of barbarism'. Modernity, far from redeeming the promises and hopes of the Enlightenment, had resulted in a stultification of mankind and an administered society, characterised by simulation and candy-floss entertainment. To seek an answer to the question of how such a condition could arise, Adorno and Horkheier subjected the whole history of Western catagories of reason and nature, from Homer to Nietzsche, to a searching philosophical and psychological critique. Drawing on psychoanalytical insights, their own work on the 'culture industry', deep knowledge of the key Enlightenment and anti-Enlightenment thinkers, as well as fascinating considerations on the relationship between reason and myth - the rational and the irrational - the authors exposed the domination and violence towards both nature and humanity that underpin the Enlightenment project

Verso, 1997, 258 pages

Edited by Ibo van de Poel, Lily Frank, Julia Hermann, Jeroen Hopster, Dominic Lenzi, Sven Nyholm, Behnam Taebi, and Elena Ziliotti

Technologies shape who we are, how we organize our societies and how we relate to nature. For example, social media challenges democracy; artificial intelligence raises the question of what is unique to humans; and the possibility to create artificial wombs may affect notions of motherhood and birth. Some have suggested that we address global warming by engineering the climate, but how does this impact our responsibility to future generations and our relation to nature? This book shows how technologies can be socially and conceptually disruptive and investigates how to come to terms with this disruptive potential. Four technologies are studied: social media, social robots, climate engineering and artificial wombs. The authors highlight the disruptive potential of these technologies, and the new questions this raises. The book also discusses responses to conceptual disruption, like conceptual engineering, the deliberate revision of concepts.

Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023 188p.

By JM Berger

Can legal codes and court rulings function as extremist ideological texts? 

Academics usually define extremism as a set of beliefs that fall outside the norms of the society in which they are situated, but entire societies have at times been organized around recognizably extreme beliefs. This paper will examine the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Scott v. Sandford, 60 US 393 (1856), more commonly known as the Dred Scott decision. Widely considered the worst Supreme Court decision of all time, the opinion written by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney decreed that Black people, whether enslaved or free, could never become citizens of the United States and that they had no rights under the Constitution. 

This paper will analyze the Dred Scott decision to consider whether and how it implements and institutionalizes many widely recognized tropes of extremist ideology. The paper will conclude with a discussion of empirical frameworks that can enable and empower the study of lawful extremism. 

United States, Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Montery. 2023, 57pg

By Enzo Nussio

How do moral beliefs influence favorability to collective violence? In this article, I argue that, first, moral beliefs are influential depending on their salience, as harm avoidance is a common moral concern. The more accessible moral beliefs in decision-making, the more they restrain harmful behavior. Second, moral beliefs are influential depending on their content. Group-oriented moral beliefs can overturn the harm avoidance principle and motivate individuals to favor collective violence. Analysis is based on a representative survey in Mexico City and focuses on a proximate form of collective violence, locally called lynching. Findings support both logics of moral influence. Experimentally induced moral salience reduces favorability to lynching, and group-oriented moral beliefs are related to more favorability. Against existing theories that downplay the relevance of morality and present it as cheap talk, these findings demonstrate how moral beliefs can both restrain and motivate collective violence.
Comparative Political StudiesOnlineFirst© The Author(s) 2023

Edited by Willemijn Ruberg, Lara Bergers, Pauline Dirven and Sara Serrano Martínez

This edited volume examines the performance of physicians, psychiatrists and other scientists as expert witnesses in modern European courts of law and police investigations. Its chapters discuss cases from criminal, civil and international law to parse the impact of forensic evidence and expertise in different European countries (Scotland, England, Germany, Spain, Italy, Russia, Portugal, Norway and the Netherlands) in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They show how modern forensic science and technology was inextricably entangled with political ideology, gender norms, changes in the law and legal systems. New scientific ideas and technology, such as blood tests and DNA, helped develop forensic science, but did not necessarily lead to a straightforward acceptance of expertise in the courtroom. Discussing fascinating case studies, the chapters in this book highlight how the ideology of authoritarian and liberal regimes affected the practical enactment of forensic expertise. They also emphasise the influence of images of masculinity and femininity on the performance of experts and their assessment of evidence, victims and perpetrators, for example in cases of rape, infanticide and crimes of passion. This book is an important contribution to our knowledge of modern European forensic practices, which, as several chapters underline, sometimes surprisingly diverge from institutional regulations.

Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2023. 304p.

By Syed Muhammad Ishraque Osman, Antonia Gkergki

Limited scholarly attention has been devoted to examining the impact of immigration on developing economies relative to developed ones. Even the impact of immigration on developed nations continues to be a subject of intense debate. The voluminous empirical literature that has emerged in this field is far from conclusive. In this paper we test the impact of an unprecedented increase in immigrants with dissimilar social, but similar human capital on the host country’s crime. To do this we explore the Syrian refugee influx in Turkey. Our work contributes to the new area of research in the literature by examining how immigrants with varying levels of social capital affect emerging economies rather than developed ones. We found no impact on violent crime, but found a significant impact on non-violent crime. Using a more machine learning approach of ‘Trajectory Balancing’, we found our significant impact result for the non-violent crime to be robust and strikingly close. We also use 'Causal Forest' which is one of the most sophisticated (if not the most) causal machine learning methods. Using Causal Forest, we effectively unmasked the average treatment effect on the non-violent crime rate and investigate the heterogeneous treatment effect depending on region level characteristics, which can greatly assist policymakers in this regard. We also argue that the higher impact on non-violent crime rate is due to the displacement of natives by migrants, from the more competitive informal job (agricultural) sector in the treated regions

Unpublished paper, 2023. 41p.

By Carolina Scaramutti https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-5316c.scaramutti@gmail.com, Renae Danielle Schmidt, et al.

Millions of Venezuelans have fled their country in hopes for a better future outside the political and financial turmoil in their home country. This paper examines the self-reported needs of Venezuelans in the United States and Colombia. Specifically, it looks at perceived discrimination in each country and its effect on the service needs of Venezuelan immigrants. The authors used data from a larger project conducted in October to November 2017 to perform a qualitative content analysis on the specific services that participants and others like them would need following immigration. The sample consisted of 647 Venezuelan immigrant adults who had migrated to the United States (n = 342) or Colombia (n = 305).

Its findings indicate statistically significant differences between the two countries. Venezuelan immigrants in the United States were more likely to identify mental health and educational service needs, while those in Colombia were more likely to list access to healthcare, help finding jobs, and food assistance. When looking at perceived discrimination, means scores for discrimination were significantly greater for participants who indicated needing housing services, who indicated needing assistance enrolling children in school and who indicated needing food assistance, compared to participants who did not list those needs. Venezuelans who had experienced greater negative context of reception were less likely to indicate needing mental health services, where 11.9 percent of those who did not perceive a negative context of reception responded that they needed mental health services.

Evaluating existing service networks will be essential in working to bridge the gap between the services provided to and requested by Venezuelans. Collaboration between diverse government actors, community-based organizations (CBOs) and other stakeholders can help identify gaps in existing service networks. CBOs can also facilitate communication between Venezuelan immigrants and their new communities, on the need to invest in necessary services.

 Journal on Migration and Human Security, 0(0).  (online 2023)

Edited by Jeffrey R. Di Leo and Uppinder Mehan

The events of September 11, 2001, have had a strong impact on theory and the humanities. They call for a new philosophy, as the old philosophy is inadequate to account for them. They also call for reflection on theory, philosophy, and the humanities in general. While the recent location and killing of Osama bin Laden, the leader of al-Qaeda, in Pakistan on May 2, 2011—almost ten years after he and his confederates carried out the 9/11 attacks—may have ended the “war on terror,” it has not ended the journey to understand what it means to be a theorist in the age of phobos nor the effort to create a new philosophy that measures up with life in the new millennium. It is in the spirit of hope—the hope that theory will help us to understand the age of terror—that the essays in this collection are presented.

With essays by Christian Moraru, Terry Caesar, David B. Downing, Horace L. Fairlamb, Emory Elliott, Elaine Martin, Robin Truth Goodman, Sophia A. McClennen, William V. Spanos, Zahi Zalloua.

Ann Arbor, MI: Open Humanities Press - An imprint of MPublishing – University of Michigan Library, Ann Arbor , 2012. 250p.

By Jodi Lane

This review focuses on the life and career of Joan Petersilia, one of the most important corrections scholars of the past fifty years. The article discusses her formative years, her career spanning from college through her final appointment at Stanford Law School, her major research projects, and her impact on policy, practice, and the academic field of criminology. For more than forty years, Joan chose to do research that affected the real world, treating policymakers and practitioners as equal partners in efforts to improve the implementation of justice, especially that occurring postconviction. Her unique style allowed her to easily communicate the ideas and research from academe to a wide range of audiences, including the general public, policymakers, and practitioners. By doing so, Joan made a significant impact on the criminal justice system and was recognized for her body of work by receiving the 2014 Stockholm Prize, arguably the most prestigious recognition in criminology.

Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 7, Page 1 - 17

By Malcolm X with the assistance of Alex Haley

“This is the absorbing personal story. of the man who rose from hoodlum, thief, dope peddler, and pimp to become the most dynamic leader of the Black Revolution. It is, too, a testament of great emotional power from which every American can learn much: But, above all, this book shows the Malcolm X that very few people knew, the man behind the stereotyped image of the hate-preacher-a sensitive, proud, highly intelligent man whose plan to move into the mainstream of the Negro Revoltition was cut short by a hail of assassins' bullets, a man who felt certain he would not live long enough to see this book…”

NY. Grobe Press. 1964. 482p.

By Nicholas Austin

Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), an Italian Dominican friar and Catholic priest, is one of the most influential theologians in the Christian tradition. Scholarship on Aquinas is flourishing, with studies of natural law theory, action theory, the morality of the passions, feminism, political theory, etc. Yet despite the contemporary renewal of virtue ethics, to date no full-length treatment of Aquinas' theory of virtue exists. Aquinas on Virtues offers a new and comprehensive interpretation of how Aquinas uses the four causes--formal, material, final, and efficient--to understand virtue in general, and how these causes underlie his treatment of specific virtues that make up the bulk of his ethics. In the final part of the book Austin applies the causal approach to four contested issues in contemporary virtue theory: practical wisdom; virtue and the passions; the teleology (or ultimate end) of virtue; and infused moral virtues, exploring the relation between grace and virtue.

Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2018. 258p.

Edited by Gerhard Ernst and Jan-Christoph Heilinger

The notion of "human rights" is widely used in political and moral debates. The core idea, that all human beings have some inalienable basic rights, is appealing and has an important practical function: It allows moral criticism of various wrongs and calls for action in order to prevent them. The articles in this collection take up a tension between the wide political use of human rights claims and some intellectual skepticism about them. In particular, three major issues call for clarification: the questions of how to justify human rights, how to determine their scope and the corresponding obligations, and how to overcome the tension between universal normative claims and particular moralities.

Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2011. 273p.