By H. B. Irving.

“The cases in this volume have been selected from French criminal records of the nineteenth century. They are studies of real culprits, whose guilt is, in all but one instance, beyond suspicion of a doubt.”

Heinemann (1901) 356 pages.

By Charles Goring.

Classic statistical study published in 1913 measuring nearly 100 physical and mental characteristics of English convicts to determine their deviation from the normal. Notable features of the author's research methodology were the use of the newly-developed Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and the method of comparing groups of both criminals and non-criminals for the same characteristics. The author's analysis of the data rejects the view that there are specific physical and mental characteristics identifying the criminal. He further concludes that the influence of heredity and the presence of mental defectiveness are far more significant factors than parental influence in the development of criminal behavior.

HMSO (1913) 450 pages.

By Stan Baker.

Republished, by permission, from the American Magazine for April, 1907, the first of a series called “Following the Color Line,” now being published in that magazine.

American Magazine. (1907) 31 pages.

By George S. Dougherty.

George S. Dougherty, former deputy commissioner and chief of detectives New YorkPolice department. “It began with the discovery that I am a human being and regard the criminal as human.”

Appleton. (1924) 294 pages.

By pages

The Mystery of the Unborn, by pages. “Dr. Wilson believed that criminals are born unfinished. The die is cast at birth. The lack of finish at birth explains the incompetent, the born tired, the unemployed. Then what is the use? Why not painless extinction of those who commit great crimes, and the sterilization of the feebleminded….” Albert Wilson.

John Bale et al., (1928) 477.

By the Rev. J.L.A. Kayla.

The Rev. J.L.A. Kayla, member of the Howard Association. Being a reply to Dr. Chapple’s work: “The Fertility of the Unfit,” and An Attempt to explain the leading principles of criminological & reformatory science.

Invercargill W. Smith (1905) 189 pages.

By Prince Emmanuel of Jerusalem.

“ History shows that hanging did not prevent petit larceny. So we have abandoned the policy of frightfulness in punishment and cannot revert to it even though it still has some few supporters. And yet we feel that the theory of punishment being deterrent is philosophically sound. …The first news from the Laboratory revealed the prevalence of feeble-mindedness among delinquents. “

Rosburgh Publishing (1921) 247 pages.

By V. M. Masten.

If a thief will have it no other way than to be a thief, then control of him, and not his social rehabilitation, must be the desideratum.”

Boston Gorham Press (ca. 1922) 238 pages.

By Carl Murchison.

“This material is offered for the special consideration of lawyers, psychologists, siociologists, social workers, and all those who have to do with the formulation of criminal law, the treatment of criminals, and the molding of public opinion concerning the enemies of organized society…”

A Read-Me.Org Classic Reprint (1926) 483 pages.

By Arthur Train.

by Arthur Train (Author), Colin Heston (Introduction) Format: Kindle Edition

Arthur Train’s Courts, Criminals and the Camorra (1912) arrives from a moment when the American courtroom was transforming from a dusty forum of local justice into a national spectacle. Crime reporting surged, public fascination with underworld societies ripened, and the newly consolidated profession of the district attorney—Train’s own calling—stood at the intersection of drama and civic responsibility. Few chroniclers were better positioned to capture this world than Train himself: lawyer, storyteller, and one of the most influential interpreters of everyday justice in the early twentieth century.
This book offers a vivid, almost cinematic tour through the people and pressures that shaped the criminal courts of Train’s New York. With a wit sharpened by long service in the district attorney’s office, Train narrates cases, misadventures, and courtroom characters with the briskness of a magazine correspondent and the subtle insight of someone who has lived the system from the inside. He makes the courthouse feel less like a bureaucratic maze and more like a bustling social laboratory—part theater, part battleground, part human comedy.
The title’s reference to the Camorra, the Neapolitan criminal society that briefly dominated headlines in the years preceding publication, allows Train to broaden his canvas. The Camorra trials in Europe—particularly the sensational proceedings in Viterbo (1911–12)—were international news, and Americans consumed tales of conspiracy, vendetta, and secret brotherhoods with a mixture of horror and fascination. Train uses these stories not merely to thrill, but to show how crime everywhere reflects its environment: local culture shapes criminal enterprise just as surely as it shapes courts, policing, and political life.
What makes this volume enduring is Train’s tone—bright, conversational, humane. His criminals are rarely monsters; they are people caught in pressures of poverty, opportunity, folly, or ambition. His courts, for all their flaws, are animated by men and women doing their best under imperfect circumstances. The result is a portrait of justice as a living organism, not an abstract ideal.
More than a century later, these essays feel surprisingly fresh. They remind us that the tensions surrounding criminal justice—media sensationalism, public fear, the allure of organized crime, the frustrations of overburdened courts—are not uniquely modern. The debates that animate today’s legal and political discussions echo those Arthur Train captured with humor and clarity in 1912.
To read Courts, Criminals and the Camorra now is to eavesdrop on the origins of our contemporary legal culture. It is also simply to enjoy a gifted storyteller at work, illuminating the world he knew best with charm, color, and a sharp eye for the human quirks that make justice both necessary and endlessly fascinating.

New York Scribner’s (1912) 256 pages. Read-Me.Org Inc. 2025. 173p.

By Filson Young.

With notes and introduction by Filson Young. “Most of the interest and part of the terror of great crime are due not to what is abnormal, but to what is normal in it; what we have in common with the criminal, rather than that subtle insanity which differentiates him from us, is what makes us view with so lively an interest a fellow-being who has wandered into these tragic and fatal fields.”

William Hodge (1910) 266 pages.

By Clarence Darrow.

“The physical origin of such abnormalities of the mind as are called ‘criminal’ is a comparatively new idea….It has not been long since insanity was treated as a moral defect….”My main effort is to show that the laws that control human behavior are as fixed and certain as those that control the physical world…”

Thomas Crowell Pubs. (1922) 225 pages.

By Ida Well-Barnett.

“Immediately after the awful barbarism which disgraced the State of Georgia in April of last year, during which time more than a dozen colored people were put to death with unspeakable barbarity, I published a full report showing that Sam Hose, who was burned to death during that time, never committed a criminal assault, and that he killed his employer in self- defense.”

Harrow and Heston Classic Reprint (1892) 63 pages.

By Horace M. Kallen.

A Manual for Judges, Practitioners, and Students, by Hans Gross. 􏰀Translated from the 4th German edition . Introduction By Joseph Jastrow,. “ In short, the individualization of disease, in cause and in treatment, is the dominant truth of modern medical science. The same truth is now known about crime…” Published under the Auspices of The American institute of criminal law and criminologyBoston,

Little Brown and Co. (1911) 567 pages.

Translated by Gina Lombroso.

This is the classic work of the “father of criminology” Cesare Lombroso translated from the Italian by his daughter Gina Lombroso. Here was the idea of the “born criminal” and a detailed classification system according to body types and other physiological and physical features. The major work was “L’Uomo delinquente” that emphasized the atavistic origins of criminality.

NY. Harrow and Heston Classic Reprint. (1876) 251 pages.

By Raffaele Garofalo.

Garofalo, a student of Lombroso, attempted to formulate a sociological definition of crime that would designate those acts which can be repressed by punishment. These constituted "Natural Crime" and were considered offenses violating the two basic altruistic sentiments common to all people, namely, probity and piety.

A Read-Me.org Classic Reprint. 1885. 510 pages.

By Jenny Feltham and Luciana Capdepon

Giant clams are a traditional source of subsistence protein for coastal communities across Asia and Pacific regions. In recent decades, however, giant clams have been subject to poaching and commercial harvesting. Now viewed as high-value luxury food item, giant clams are also in demand in the international aquarium trade, and their shells are sought after for the ornamental carving industry. The Wildlife Justice Commission is concerned that giant clam shells are being used as a substitute for elephant ivory. Since China’s 2017 ban on the domestic elephant ivory trade, giant clam shells are an increasingly popular ivory alternative. These factors are likely to have contributed to the overexploitation and rapid decline of giant clam populations throughout many of their natural habitats. This not only puts increased pressure on the vulnerable giant clam, but also perpetuates demand for “premium” ivory products, sustaining the threat to elephant populations in the wild. Giant clams may not be as immediately charismatic as, say, elephants or rhinos, but they play a valuable role in maintaining healthy coral and oceans. Preventing biodiversity loss and preserving ocean eco-systems are crucial in the fight against catastrophic climate change.

The Hague: Wildlife Justice Commission, 2021. 41p.

By Tanya Wyatt and Anh Ngoc Cao .

Wildlife trafficking is a growing global concern. It takes place in all regions of the world with those nations with high biodiversity being the source and the consumers of the wildlife as well as transit areas and hubs for smuggled wildlife. It is a significant contributor to biodiversity loss and species extinction. Many if not most developing nations are rich in biodiversity and therefore must contend with wildlife trafficking. It is a critical concern for these nations’ environment and economies. It has been documented that corruption is an essential component in the facilitation and perpetration of the illegal wildlife trade, but a comprehensive study into the scale, scope and structure has yet to be undertaken. This U4 Issue paper conducts a meta-study regarding corruption’s role in wildlife trafficking from the available literature, interviews with experts and a case study of Vietnam in an attempt to highlight concerns for bilateral donors in regards to conservation, environment and law enforcement programmes.

Bergen, Norway: U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre – Chr. Michelsen Institute, 2015. 54p.

Edited by Gian Ege, Andreas Schloenhardt, and Christian Schwarzenegger.

"Wildlife trafficking threatens the existence of many plant and animal species and accelerates the destruction of wildlife, forests, and other natural resources. It contributes to environmental degradation, destroys unique natural habitats, and deprives many countries and their populations of scarce renewable resources. Nevertheless, preventing and supressing the illegal trade in wildlife, animal parts, and plants is presently not a priority in many countries and it remains overlooked and poorly researched. The chapters included in this volume address causes, characteristics, and actors of wildlife trafficking, analyse detection methods, and explore different international and national legal frameworks."

Berlin: Carl Grossmann Verlag, 2020. 405p.

By Amanda Cabrejo le Roux, Jacob Duer, Brenda Koekkoek, Arnold Kreilhuber, Elizabeth Mrema, and Andrew Raine of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

Chemicals provide important benefits to society and play a vital role in the global economy, but they also carry risks for the environment and human health, with greater risks to vulnerable social groups. Chemicals can contaminate soil, air and water and can damage biodiversity, and human exposure to chemicals is implicated in a range of acute and chronic health effects. As industries have grown in recent decades, so too have environmental and health concerns, and now a range of multilateral environmental agreements together with initiatives, non-binding legal instruments, national legislation and policy frameworks regulate the trade in chemicals

Arendal: UNEP and GRID-Arendal , 2020 86p.