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CRIMINAL JUSTICE

CRIMINAL JUSTICE-CRIMINAL LAW-PROCDEDURE-SENTENCING-COURTS

Posts tagged Recommendations
Reform in Action: Findings and Recommendations from a 3-Year Process Evaluation of New York's 2020 Criminal Legal Reforms

By Jennifer Ferone, Bryn Herrschaft, Kate Jassin, Cecilia Low-Weiner, Aimee Ouellet

Findings from a multiyear process evaluation of New York State legislation aimed at facilitating pretrial release and minimizing the use of cash bonds. Includes recommendations and lessons learned for future reform efforts both in and out of New York. The inequities inherent in this country’s criminal legal system have been well-documented. Research and evidence repeatedly show that socioeconomic circumstances affect how people fare at all points, with those who are economically disadvantaged and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) faring disproportionately worse, such as higher rates of arrest and incarceration. The pretrial period—which is after a person is arrested and charged but before they have been convicted of any crime—is no exception to this trend. Disparities at this stage are particularly prevalent, having been exacerbated by the ever-expanding use of cash bail and pretrial detention across jurisdictions in recent decades. This has long-lasting implications: even one day in jail can lead to exposure to violence while incarcerated, and loss of housing and employment after release.1 In the past, efforts to reduce the harm caused by cash bail were often tied to particular system leaders making changes to administrative policies under their control (e.g., prosecutors not charging individuals with certain low-level offenses). In recent years, however, some states have taken up broader legislative reforms aiming to transform the system on a much larger scale; specifically, many have moved to eliminate or substantially reduce the use of cash bail as a major factor in determining when and for whom pretrial detention is used. In 2019, New York became one of these states, with the passage of the Criminal Justice Reform Act (Act) in April of that year (with reforms taking effect on January 1, 2020). The Act, fueled by increasingly abhorrent conditions at the Rikers Island jail complex in New York City (NYC), was hailed as one of the most ambitious bail reform packages in the country. The comprehensive package of reforms was driven by the recognition of New York's systemic problems and the need to address them through an effort that was equally broad in scope and scale. At its core, the Act aimed to facilitate a presumption of non-financial release to avoid the deleterious and inequitably distributed effects of pretrial detention. The New York State government (NYS) understood, however, that to effectively and safely shift away from incarceration as a primary system response— and to create a decision-making foundation that was not dependent on financial resources—a variety of local criminal legal processes beyond the bail decision had to shift as well. To that end, the legislation included provisions in other related areas. More specifically, the legislation aimed to reduce systemic inequities and harms through a comprehensive approach that incorporated significant changes to policy and practice in four key areas of pretrial decision-making  (continued)

New York:  CUNY Institute for State & Local Governance 2023. 55p.

Drug-Impaired Driving Data Collection - Report to Congress

By Randolph Atkins, Trisann Jodon, Jennifer Davidson Conlon, and Amy Schick

This report was prepared in accordance with Section 25025 (Drug-Impaired Driving Data Collection) of the Infrastructure Investments and Jobs Act (IIJA), Pub. L. 117-58. The report summarizes what is known about the collection of drug-impaired driving data and its reporting to the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). The report describes the FARS data collection process and its toxicology reporting framework, the Recommendations for Toxicological Investigations of Drug-Impaired Driving and Motor Vehicle Fatalities – 2021 Update, identifies barriers that States encounter in submitting alcohol and drug toxicology results to FARS, provides recommendations on how to address those barriers, and describes the actions that the U.S. Department of Transportation and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration are taking to assist States in improving toxicology testing in cases of motor vehicle crashes, and the reporting of alcohol and drug toxicology results in cases of motor vehicle crashes.

Washington, DC: United States. Department of Transportation. 2024, 34pg