Edited By Jessica Jacobson And Penny Cooper.

Concepts, Realities and Aspirations. Foreword by the Rt Hon Sir Ernest Ryder : “The authors’ central thesis is that people should be able to participate effectively in the court and tribunal proceedings that directly concern them….The study shows that practitioners do, by and large, make sincere efforts to help lay users participate in proceedings; yet many barriers to participation remain which can leave users marginalised in hearings. It is the responsibility of all those who work in courts and tribunals to understand these barriers and take steps to help users overcome them – this study provides insight and practical suggestions. “

Bristol University Press (2020) 198p.

By Ernest Bryant Hoag and Edward Huntington Williams

. “In presenting this book to the public the authors have in mind the need for brief but accurate account of the common mental defects and sociological factors encountered in study of adult criminals, and of delinquent children. From an extensive experience in criminological work, including the psychopathic laboratory and much expert testimony in court, they are convinced that many judges, lawyers, police officials and doctors will welcome the sort of information which is here given. They also have in mind the needs of social service workers, teachers, and students of sociology, and last, but not least, certain part of the general public, which is asking almost in vain for the explanation of the criminal and delinquent behavior which today, more than ever before, presents itself in every large community. The authors have not pretended to offer anything new to experts in the study of abnormal behavior, yet they hope that even some of these will find the case-histories, at least, interesting and perhaps valuable.”

Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1923. 405p.

By George Frederick Arnold.

2d ed., Rev. “This work does not claim to be an original treatise on either Psychology or Law.”

Calcutta: Thacker, Spink, & Co., 1913. 607p.

By Emmanuel Baunet-Jailly.

Comparing Border Security in North America and Europe. This book addresses this gap between security needs and an understanding of borders and borderlands. Specifically, the chapters in this volume ask policy-makers to recognize that two fundamental elements define borders and borderlands: first, human activities (the agency and agent power of individual ties and forces spanning a border), and second, the broader social processes that frame individual action, such as market forces, government activities (law, regulations, and policies), and the regional culture and politics of a borderland.

University of Ottawa Press (2007) 404 pages.

By Raymond Fosdick.

The Cleveland Foundation survey of the administration of criminal justice in Cleveland Ohio. Directed and Edited by Roscoe Pound and Felix Frankfurter.

Harrow and Heston Classic Reprint. (1922) 742 pages.

Ray Madding McConnell.

“ Among the most expensive functions of government is that which is concerned with the detection, arrest, trial, and punishment of criminals. The expenditures in connection with police, courts, and prisons exceed in amount the outlay for the conservation and improvement of health, the necessities and conveniences of travel and intercourse, highways, parks, and playgrounds, and about equal the costs of education. When any one begins to philosophize about the raison d'etre of this enormously expensive arrangement for dealing with crime and criminals, he naturally asks first for its purpose, What is the object of it all? What kind of return does this investment bring in?”

NY. Charles Scribner’s (1912) 337 pages.

By Sigrid Geralde Clara van Wingerden.

The sentencing decision of the judge might be the most important decision in the criminal proceedings, not only because of the impact the punishment has on the offender, but also because the sentencing decision is a cornerstone of the legitimacy of the entire criminal justice system. Nonetheless, there still are questions about the factors judges take into account when making their sentencing decision. This study aims to improve our understanding of the sentencing decisions judges make.The developments in criminal justice practices as regards the emergence of ‘actuarial justice' have directed the focus of this study to risk-based sentencing: are offenders with a high risk of reoffending more likely to be sentenced to imprisonment and to longer prison terms than low-risk offenders? To what extent do judges take information into account on the risk-related personal characteristics of the offender, such as unemployment, ties to family or friends, or drug usage, when making their sentencing decision?Using uniquely detailed data on risk-related social circumstances of the offender, and advanced quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study provides in-depth insight into sentencing.

Leiden: Leiden University, 2014. 215p.

National Research Council.

Identifying the Culprit: Assessing Eyewitness Identification makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made. This report explains the science that has emerged during the past 30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness identification research, the report recommends a focused research agenda.

Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2014. 170p,