Christopher H. sSubbert

Crime science research over the last few decades has shown that crime tends to concentrate, most notably spatially and temporally. These and other concentrations oriented by the crime triangle (victims, offenders and places) offer important implications for the development of effective preven- tion initiatives. Yet, these indings have mostly been derived from analysis of conventional domestic crimes leaving questions as to whether similar patterning occurs among less studied crime types, such as kidnappings. This study examined 9,696 kidnapping incidents (2002–2011) in Colombia, South America, to see whether kidnappings for ransom exhibit similar concentrations according to the crime triangle framework. Results suggest that kidnappings indeed have spatio-temporal and other concentrations, which could be used to guide policy makers and policing organizations in the formulation of strategic preventive action, rather than relying on reactive efforts after kidnapping incidents have already occurred.

Brandon C. Welsh, Gregory M. Zimmerman & Steven N. Zane

Theory matters in crime prevention. Indeed, but this is hardly the full story. Crime prevention is oftentimes viewed as atheoretical not grounded in the etiology of crime and offending. Reasons abound for this view, and the recent interest in an evidence-based approach to policy-making has been at the forefront. This article reviews the role that theory plays in modern day crime prevention, with a special focus on the three main crime prevention strategies: developmental, community, and situational. The review identifies a number of key challenges and opportunities for making theory more central to crime prevention. It suggests that the classification system employed in situational crime prevention has allowed for a more

The Centrality of Theory in Modern Day Crime Prevention: Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities, Justice Quarterly, 35:1, 

CARLES SOTO

La tesis que les voy a presentar se ha convertido en una parte de mi familia. El largo periodo que he utilizado en el estudio y la redacción de la investigación hizo que fuera creciendo como uno más de la parentela. Ahora es el momento de presentar la tesis en sociedad y el agradecimiento se convierte en un repaso de estos años de trabajo compartido entre mi familia y la Criminologia.

URPINA Licenciado en Criminologia DEPARTAMENTO DE DERECHO PENAL Y CRIMINOLOGIA FACULTAD DE DERECHO

Diana Batchelor

Abstract The myth that restorative justice is the opposite of retributive justice persists, despite a long his- tory of rhetorical challenges. Only empirical evidence can advance the debate, so this article investigates the relationship between punishment and victim offender communication from the victim s perspective. Interviews with 40 victims of crime established that some victims saw victim offender communication and punishment as alternatives, and others saw them as independent. However, more than half the participants expected that communicating with the offender would increase their satisfaction with the offenders punishment or reported after- wards that this was in fact the case, suggesting that some victims ful l punishment objectives through communication with the offender. The changes occurred when victims received infor- mation about the offender s punishment, received feedback from the offender or used commu- nication with the offender to impose a mild punishment of their own. Victims were not excessively punitive, but this study demonstrates the existence of an association between pun- ishment and victim offender communication from at least some victims perspectives. This art- icle argues that we should not ignore or attempt to eliminate this relationship. Rather, acknowledging and examining the existence of punishment within victim offender communica- tion would improve practice and generate better outcomes for victims, offenders and society.

Centre for Criminology, University of Oxford, UK

Gilly Sharpe

Feminist research on troublesome girls has revealed a close relationship between welfare and punishment, extending to the de facto punishment of girls through welfare mechanisms (for example Chesney- Lind, 1989; Carrington, 1993; O’Neill, 2001). Despite these scholarly insights, limited attention has been paid to similarities and continuities in young women’s experiences of punishment and punitiveness across penal and welfare settings, and youth justice and penal practices have tended to be considered in isolation from other institutional arrangements. Such compartmentalisation serves to fragment experiences which are overlapping and interwoven, and which may have cumulative and enduring effects on individuals over time. This chapter, through a focus on the structural and cultural contexts which shape both lawbreaking and desistance (Weaver, 2019), examines the treatment and punishment of marginalised young women across three domains: education, criminal labelling and the benefits system. Following Carvalho et al (2020, pp 265– 6), I conceptualise young women’s experience of punitiveness as multi- faceted and ‘a central feature of a range of intersecting experiences and practices’. I argue that schools, formal and informal youthful criminal labels and the welfare benefits system constitute intersecting and sometimes mutually constitutive sites of punishment which, in combination, are likely to have a toxic impact on marginalised young women’s sense of self as well as on their economic and social prospects.

Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina

Abstract Japan retains the death penalty for three main reasons: because it missed a major opportunity for abolition in the postwar Occupation, because of the long hegemony of the (conservative) Liberal Democratic Party, and because (like the United States and China) it has sufficient size, economic influence, and political clout to enable it to defy human rights norms. Capital punishment also persists in Japan because it performs welcome functions for politicians, prosecutors, media, and the public. Despite widespread belief to the contrary, capital punishment in Japan does not deter homicide better than long terms of imprisonment do.

Craig Reeves

It is much easier to show that punishment has a symbolic significance than to say exactly what it is that punishment expresses...1. Expressivism – Philosophical and Psychosocial The philosophical view that punishment should be understood as an essentially expressive practice and evaluated as such has been influential in both the normative philosophy of punishment and in psychosocial penal theory,2 though about this view, as about many issues, there has been relatively little communication between those two traditions. Philosophical and psychosocial expressivist accounts of punishment have developed more or less independently, as if they had little to do with one another.

(Feinberg, 1965: 402)

Ken Pease and Graham Farrell

‘Directly related to’ is a weaselly phrase which disguises the fact that nearly all the listed jobs require further professional training and that a criminology degree does not confer an advantage over other degree courses in recruit- ment into such careers. Only just over half of criminology graduates are in employment six months after graduation, and a third of those employed are in retail, catering and bar work. So your next Whopper and chips from Burger King may be served by a criminology graduate regretting their degree choice. So to paraphrase the old song, ‘Don’t let your daughter study criminology. Mrs Worthington’.

Ken Pease and Graham Farrell 87

Maximilian Bergengruen

17.1 Einleitung

Meine Überlegungen setzen an den Debatten für und wider das Todesurteil gegen den englischen König Karl I. in Andreas Gryphius’ Carolus Stuardus an; einer Debatte, die ursprünglich in England geführt wurde, aber nicht zuletzt durch ver- schiedene Übersetzungen Auswirkungen auf und in ganz Europa hatte (3). Im Mittelpunkt steht die Austauschbarkeit der Argumente in Bezug auf die göttliche Legitimation von Herrschaft, die sowohl die royale wie auch die independente Position für sich beanspruchen.

Rastko Vuković,

There is no valid evidence that the extension of legal penalties reduces the percentage of crime in society. It is known that saturation of society by laws reduces the chances of development, so the question arises as to why we are striving to more and more durable laws? Why are we extinguishing out the fire with the oil in the alleged fight for justice?

May 30, 2019

David M. Shannon with Mark A. Davenport

The motivation for writing this text comes from ten years of experience with students en- rolled in beginning statistics classes. Students in these classes have had to deal with the chal- lenges of learning not only statistical concepts, but also how to use the computer software (SPSS) that will guide them through their statistical analyses. Whether you are a student learning about statistics for the first time or an experienced researcher who has used sta- tistics throughout your career, you are likely to have many encounters with software such as SPSS® for Windows.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Nurhidayat , Danarti , Habib Al Fattah

Abstract. This study is conducted to find out the undergraduate’s perception toward the corporal punishment that may happens in the school. The subjects of the research are sixth semester students of English Department of Teacher Training and Education of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The data were collected through close and open questionnaire and analysed using content analysis. Based on the analysis of the data, it is concluded that most undergraduates experienced corporal punishment in the previous education before studying in the university. The experience of suffering corporal punishment leads the undergraduate’s perception toward the corporal punishment.

1Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia 2SMP N 6 Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia 3MTs AL Kahfi, Surakarta, Indonesia

Another capital punishment: the lethal violence of the Brazilian penal system

By Luiz Phelipe Dal Santo

Introdução Costuma-se compreender o monopólio sobre o uso legítimo da violência como uma das principais características dos Estados Modernos.1 Conforme denotado pela palavra “legítimo”, isso não significa que os Estados têm (ou deveriam ter) liberdade para dispor da violência contra seus cidadãos como bem entenderem. A despeito do desenv

Universidade de Oxford – Inglaterra, Reino Unido. 1.

By Arthur Train (Author) and Graeme Newman (Editor and Introduction)

Arthur Train was not merely a novelist of crime and courtroom intrigue—he was an Assistant District Attorney in New York County who understood the hidden machinery of American justice from the inside. In Justice on Trial, two of his most compelling works—Prisoner at the Bar and McCallister’s Double—are brought together in a powerful new edition edited and introduced by Graeme R. Newman.

Part legal exposé, part philosophical inquiry, part classic crime fiction, this volume explores questions that remain disturbingly relevant today: How is guilt really determined? Do courts discover truth—or construct it? Why are prisons hidden from public view? Do criminals receive justice, or merely punishment? And what of the victims left behind by the machinery of law?

In Prisoner at the Bar, Train offers a rare insider’s account of the criminal justice system of early twentieth-century America. Drawing upon his own prosecutorial experience, he exposes the realities behind arrests, grand juries, trials, sentencing, police practices, courtroom performance, and the uneasy relationship between law and morality. The result is one of the earliest and most penetrating critiques of modern criminal justice ever written.

Complementing this work is McCallister’s Double, a brilliant collection of courtroom and criminal tales filled with deception, mistaken identity, legal maneuvering, and moral ambiguity. These stories reveal Train’s remarkable ability to combine suspense with sharp observations about the fictions upon which justice itself often depends.

Graeme R. Newman’s extensive new introduction places Train’s work within the larger history of crime, punishment, and legal power, comparing the courts and prisons of Train’s era with those of the twenty-first century. The introduction examines the secrecy of prisons, the hidden social functions of trials, the mythology of “justice,” and the enduring question of whether criminal justice systems truly deliver fairness—or merely preserve authority.

Blending classic legal writing, detective fiction, social criticism, and courtroom drama, Justice on Trial is both a fascinating historical document and a strikingly modern meditation on crime, punishment, truth, and power.

For readers of true crime, legal history, courtroom drama, criminology, and classic detective fiction, this volume offers a rare and unsettling look behind the curtain of justice itself.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. p.362.

By Arthur Train (Author) and Graeme Newman (Editor and Introduction)

Before modern courtroom thrillers and television crime dramas, Arthur Train was bringing readers inside the strange, unpredictable, and deeply human world of criminal law. The Kid and the Camel: Stories of the Court and Criminality collects some of Train’s most memorable tales from the New York courts, blending legal realism, sharp humor, and penetrating social observation.

At the center of the volume is the celebrated story “The Kid and the Camel,” a bizarre and unforgettable courtroom case involving immigrants, conflicting testimony, cultural misunderstanding, and a camel hidden in a city attic. Around it unfolds a wider panorama of criminal justice in early twentieth-century America: ambitious lawyers, eccentric witnesses, cunning swindlers, ethical dilemmas, jury manipulation, and the uncertain search for truth inside crowded urban courtrooms.

This collection also features the famous Tutt & Tutt stories, introducing one of American fiction’s earliest and most sophisticated lawyer-heroes. Through the clever, theatrical, and psychologically astute attorney Ephraim Tutt, Train explores the law not merely as a system of rules, but as a human drama shaped by persuasion, ambiguity, and competing notions of justice.

Far more than period entertainment, these stories remain strikingly relevant today. Issues of immigration, courtroom spectacle, prosecutorial strategy, media influence, unequal justice, and the power of lawyers continue to dominate modern criminal justice systems. Train’s fiction reveals how little the essential tensions of law and society have changed.

Edited and introduced by Graeme Newman, this new Read-Me.Org edition restores an important classic of American legal literature for contemporary readers interested in true crime, courtroom drama, criminology, legal history, and the enduring complexities of justice itself.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. p.367.

By Arthur Train (Author) and Graeme Newman (Editor and Introduction)

tep into the shadowed world of early twentieth‑century justice, where truth is elusive, appearances deceive, and a single misjudgment can alter lives forever. The Lost Stradivarius and Other True Crime Classics by Arthur Train brings together some of the most compelling real cases ever drawn from the files of a New York prosecutor. Written with the authority of firsthand experience and the narrative power of a master storyteller, these accounts reveal the drama, tension, and human complexity behind headline crimes. At the heart of the collection is The Lost Stradivarius, a haunting tale of a priceless violin whose disappearance sets in motion a troubling chain of suspicion, error, and unintended injustice. Around it unfold other striking cases—of ingenious frauds, daring deceptions, and courtroom battles in which certainty proves fragile and truth stubbornly resists easy conclusions. Throughout, Train explores not only crime itself, but the deeper forces of character, ambition, and fallibility that shape the pursuit of justice. This new edition features a fresh introduction by Graeme R. Newman, placing these enduring stories in modern perspective and highlighting their continuing relevance. Timeless, unsettling, and richly human, this collection reminds us that truth is often stranger—and far more unsettling—than fiction.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. p.187..

By Arthur Train (Author) and Graeme Newman (Editor and Introduction)

Step inside the courtroom—and beyond it—through the eyes of a man who knew both the practice of law and the art of storytelling.

Arthur Train, a former New York prosecutor and celebrated author, offers a vivid and deeply reflective account of life in the criminal courts. Drawing on real cases, personal experience, and keen psychological insight, Confessions of a Prosecutor reveals the drama, uncertainty, and moral complexity behind the pursuit of justice. These are not merely stories of trials—they are portraits of human nature under pressure, where truth, perception, and judgment are rarely simple.

More than a legal memoir, this book is a masterclass in understanding how justice is truly administered. Train exposes the hidden tensions of courtroom life: unreliable witnesses, circumstantial evidence, the burden of decision, and the immense responsibility borne by those who prosecute in the name of society. His reflections remain strikingly relevant today, offering timeless lessons on fairness, doubt, and the ethical challenges of wielding authority.

What makes this work especially compelling is Train’s dual perspective as both practitioner and writer. With the skill of a seasoned storyteller, he shapes real events into engaging narratives—blending fact and interpretation to illuminate the deeper truths behind the law. The result is a work that is as absorbing as it is instructive, where the boundary between reality and narrative art invites thoughtful reflection.

In its later chapters, Train turns to another side of his life: the craft of writing and the realities of building a career beyond the courtroom. He offers a fascinating glimpse into the world of early twentieth-century publishing—writing for popular magazines, reaching a wide audience, and transforming professional experience into stories that endure. His journey underscores the discipline, adaptability, and persistence required to succeed as an author.

Confessions of a Prosecutor is an essential read for anyone interested in law, justice, and the power of storytelling. It is a book for lawyers and readers alike—for those who seek to understand not only how the law works, but how it feels to live within it.

Experience the courtroom as it truly is: human, uncertain, and endlessly compelling.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. p.381.

By Arthur Train (Author) and Graeme Newman (Editor and Introduction)

Before true crime became entertainment and courtroom drama became television spectacle, Arthur Train took readers directly inside the machinery of American criminal justice. Drawing on his experience in the New York District Attorney’s Office, Train produced one of the first and most compelling insider accounts of how criminal law actually worked—from arrest and indictment to jury trial, sentencing, and the uneasy pursuit of justice itself.

In A Popular Account of Criminal Justice from the District Attorney’s Office, Train strips away the myths surrounding crime and punishment to reveal a system shaped as much by human judgment, politics, error, and improvisation as by law. Murder cases, frauds, police practices, courtroom tactics, unreliable witnesses, legal absurdities, and the psychology of criminals all come under his sharp and often surprisingly modern scrutiny.

Far ahead of his time, Train questions whether criminal law truly reflects morality, whether prisons reform offenders, and whether society punishes the most dangerous forms of wrongdoing at all. His observations on violent crime, corruption, prosecutorial discretion, media sensationalism, and unequal justice remain startlingly relevant in the twenty-first century.

This new edition, edited and introduced by Graeme R. Newman, situates Train’s classic work within today’s debates over mass incarceration, overcriminalization, white-collar crime, police power, and the continuing struggle to balance public safety with individual rights. More than a historical curiosity, this book is a penetrating exploration of the enduring contradictions of criminal justice—then and now.

Combining legal history, criminology, courtroom drama, and social criticism, A Popular Account of Criminal Justice will appeal to readers interested in true crime, law, policing, criminology, criminal procedure, and the evolution of modern justice systems.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. p.334.

By Samantha Richter

A new report from the Wilson Center for Science and Justice at Duke Law draws on more than a dozen in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated individuals across North Carolina to uncover the real experiences of people returning from prison and where the system falls short.

Based on interviews conducted across urban and rural counties, this report, Bridging the Gap: Aligning Policy with Lived Experience to Strengthen Reentry in North Carolina examines the experience of people navigating the transition from incarceration to community life and makes recommendations to strengthen the process. Each year, approximately 18,000 people return to North Carolina communities from state prisons. While the state has joined the national initiative to improve reentry success through Reentry 2030, participants in this report described reentry as a critical and vulnerable period, where fragmented services and limited planning times can undermine support, creating a gap between available services and what people need to successfully rebuild their lives.

“What we heard consistently is that reentry isn’t a short-term process,” said report author Samantha Richter (A.B. ‘25). “People need support that is personalized, coordinated, and sustained—and they need systems that listen to their experiences and respond to what helps them succeed.”

Key Findings

Five major themes emerged from participant interviews:

1. Reentering community members need personalized, ongoing support: One-size-fits-all services often left participants feeling unsupported, while peer mentors with lived experience were described as especially effective.

2. Location shapes access and opportunity: Urban areas offered more resources, while limited flexibility around release locations sometimes forced individuals back into environments that undermined their stability.

3. System disconnects create difficulty in navigating resources: Even when resources existed, participants often struggled to access them due to confusion, poor communication, or lack of coordination between agencies

4. Timely, attentive, and thorough pre-release planning is critical for success: Participants consistently emphasized that meaningful preparation requires more than the standard 30-day planning window

5. Reentry services must support long-term stability: Participants repeatedly stressed that reentry challenges did not end in the first few weeks, and sustained support was necessary to build long-term stability.

Policy Recommendations

Grounded in participant experiences, the report outlines six priorities for policymakers and practitioners:

1. Increase flexibility in release location

2. Begin pre-release planning earlier and expand its scope

3. Strengthen employment readiness and employer connections

4. Expand targeted housing supports

5. Improve continuity between prison and community-based services

6. Invest in peer support programs led by people with lived experience

By Fred Butcher and Amanda Cissner

This study examined whether the jail reduction strategies implemented in two SJC sites reduced jail populations without increasing crime or sacrificing community safety. Findings suggest that incarceration can be avoided without negatively impacting public safety, with recidivism rates declining after SJC implementation. Further, less time in jail resulted in greater public safety; shorter jail stays were associated with lower recidivism risk.