By Edward T. Devine

This book, first published in 1904 discusses the increase in wealth and the resulting social injustices, emphasizing the community's responsibility to provide relief to those in need.It outlines the principles for charitable relief, stressing the importance of a clear policy and the need for cooperation among various charitable agencies.The author Edward Devine, presents digest of seventy-five illustrative cases to highlight the real nature of relief problems. Finally, as though prescient of modern day inequalities, he offers historical examples of disaster relief, such as the Chicago Fire and the Johnstown Flood, and the lessons learned from these events

Macmillan, 1910, 495 pages. This edition Read-Me.Org Inc. 2025. 502p.

MAY COTAIN MARKUP

Edited by Shivu Ishwaran

Micro-Macro Criminology Shoham links traditional criminology theories to broader cultural theories, introducing the concept of “mythogenes” to explain individual and group criminal behavior. Mythogenes are motivational structures that connect personal experiences to collective myths, influencing criminal behavior.

What Does the World Spend on Policing?by Farrell, Lane, Clark, and Tseloni:oThis paper examines global policing expenditures, highlighting the challenges of using available data sets for meta-level analysis. Itpresents three models for estimating global policing expenditure, with varying results:Per Capita Model: $264 billion (2000, inflation-adjusted)Linear Multiple Regression Model: $158.3 billion (2000, inflation-adjusted )Double Log Multiple Regression Model: $193.8 billion (2000, inflation-adjusted)

Issues and Patterns in the Comparative Study of Police Strength By Maguire andSchulte-Murray:oThe authors address the complexities of measuring police strength internationally, noting the rise in police strength outpacing population growth. They discuss the reliability of international data, primarily sourced from the United Nations World Crime Surveys (UNCJS), and provide estimates of police strength relative to population for various countries.

Women, Justice and Customs By Cyndi Banks:oBanks compares judicial discourse on custom in Papua New Guinea andCanada, focusing on its impact on women’s justice. In Papua New Guinea,the case of Miriam, an 18-year-old girl offered as compensation for her father's death,highlights the conflict between custom and constitutional rights. In Canada, Inuit customs have been used in legal defenses,sometimes leading to lenient sentencing in sexual assault cases.

Confronting the Contradiction: Global Capitalism and Environmental HealthbyMark Seis:o'Seis links environmental degradation to global capitalism, questioning the boundaries of criminology. He argues that economic globalization threatens democratic social movements and exacerbates environmental and social disparities.

Toward a Universal Declaration of the Rule of Lawby Bouloukos and Dakin:oThe authors advocate for a universal rule of law to ensure justice and sustainable development. They propose a Universal Declaration of the Rule of Law, modeled after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, to provide a common framework for promoting the rule of law internationally.

Toward Comparative Studies of the U.S. Militia Movementby Freilich, Pienik, andHoward:oThis paper compares the U.S. militia movement to other social movements,providing a complex understanding of contemporary issues. The authors argue that militias share similarities with various social movements over time and place.

Crime Prevention Policy and Government Research By Gloria Laycock and RonClarke:oThe authors compare crime prevention programs in the U.S. and the U.K.,discussing the challenges of linking research to policy in different bureaucratic structures. They highlight the importance of strategic management and proactive dissemination of research findings to influence policy effectively.Conclusion:The document emphasizes the importance of including policing in comparative criminology and the need for future research to cover the many unrepresented topics and approaches. It highlights the role of judicial discretion, the complexities of integrating custom with modern legal systems, and the broader implications for human rights and gender equality. The struggle for ecological health is intertwined with the fight for human rights and democratic control over economic processes, posing significant threats to both environmental sustainability and social equity.

Brill, 2001, 260 pages

By Russell L. Ackoff

"The Design of Social Research" outlines the principles and methodologies essential for conducting social research. It begins by defining methodologically designed research and emphasizes the importance of formulating clear research problems. The text discusses the idealized research model and practical research design, focusing on sampling techniques and the logic behind statistical procedures. It covers hypothesis testing, including analysis of variance and covariance, and the observational and operational phases of research design. The document also highlights the significance of methodological rigor in research,suggesting methods for evaluating operational specifications through pilot studies andpretests. Overall, it serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers to design effective studies, ensuring that their findings are valid and reliable.

University of Chicago Press, 1953, 420 pages

By Besiki Luka Kutateladze 

Goals & objectives The goal of this study is to enhance public safety and community well-being through effective identification, investigation, and prosecution of antiLGBTQ hate crimes in Miami. This important goal was achieved by examining: victimization experiences, victim and offender characteristics, crime reporting outcomes, victimization consequences, case processing, as well as the criminal justice system’s challenges and opportunities for reform. The project focuses on the hate crime victimization within Miami’s Latine community. Research questions What is the prevalence of the anti-LGBTQ hate crime victimization? What are the victim and offender demographic characteristics? What are the barriers for crime reporting and for victim cooperation with law enforcement? What are the predictors of crime reporting? What are the consequences of victimization? How does the criminal justice system identify, process, and dispose of hate crimes? What are the challenges for reporting and case processing? What type of evidence is used by law enforcement for determining the hate motivation? What are the opportunities for reforming police and prosecutorial capacity for tackling hate crimes? Research design The study employs a mixed-methods design using quantitative and qualitative data from victim interviews, case file reviews, and practitioner interviews. 400 LGBTQ individuals who have been victims of a crime have been interviewed using a three-stage venue-based sampling. Furthermore, all hate crimes disposed of by the Miami-Dade State Attorney’s Office between June 2005 and July 2019 (n = 23) were reviewed to collect data on specific offenses, case processing, and disposition outcomes. Finally, 10 semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with prosecutors, police detectives, and service providers to assess the practitioners’ perceptions of the problem and opportunities for reforming the system. Applicability of the research The research yielded significant recommendations for law enforcement, the LGBTQ advocacy groups, and the research and academic community. The findings help police and prosecutors develop more effective internal policies and practices for identifying and investigating hate crimes, processing them accordingly, and providing assistance to crime victims. This increased awareness will likely bolster confidence in the justice system, and have significant justice and public safety implications through increased reporting and cooperation with police and prosecutors.  

Miami: Florida International University, 2020.   157p.

By: B.L. Putnam Weale

Conflict of Colour: The book discusses the global racial tensions and the inevitable conflicts arising from them, focusing on the division between East and West. It highlights the impact of population growth on global politics, emphasizing that density of population will increasingly influence world movements..The author argues that Western powers often fail to understand the cultural and emotional needs of Asian populations, leading to ineffective governance.The document explores the strategic importance of regions like India and China, and the shifting power dynamics due to rising Asian powers.

New York: The Macmillan Company, 1910.

By: Laura Castillo-Page

We are pleased to share the third Office of Diversity and Inclusion (ODI) Annual Report. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies) established the ODI in 2021, and the ODI released its first Annual Report in 2022. This year’s Annual Report documents continued institutional efforts to build momentum in the ODI’s implementation phase—which began with the launch of its inaugural, comprehensive 5-year DEI Action Plan in 2023—to further advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) at the National Academies.

In the midst of shifting social and political contexts around DEI, our commitment to upholding the values of DEI in National Academies’ programs, policies, and products remains steadfast. As an organization, we have reaffirmed our commitment to DEI, antiracism, and accessibility by publishing an updated, more robust DEI statement and new guiding principles to consider in all of our work at the National Academies. Putting our commitment into practice, we have prioritized four domains of our DEI

Action Plan:

1. Measuring progress on our DEI goals and objectives

2. Strengthening staff development and capacity

3. Increasing diversity in programmatic activities

4. Promoting communications and transparency

To advance our work in these four areas, the ODI has fostered internal and external partnerships as well as drawn from evidence-based strategies and best practices in the science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) fields.

This Annual Report highlights the milestones, projects, and activities achieved in partnership with our colleagues and partners in 2023–2024 and outlines goals for the upcoming year. With the implementation of our DEI Action Plan in full swing, our efforts focus on building momentum, taking advantage of timely opportunities, and adapting to the changing needs of the institution by creating new tools and enhanced capacity. In partnership with the National Academies’ units and divisions, the ODI has made significant progress toward its DEI goals and applied lessons learned to better position the organization to fulfill its mission of providing objective analysis and advising the nation on complex issues facing society and the world. We look forward to continuing our journey of learning and improvement, shared responsibility, and collective impact toward a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive National Academies.

The National Academies Press 2024

By Keri Richardson, Rodney Monroe, Benjamin Carleton, and Tammy Felix 

A homicide is a traumatic event that leaves family members and close friends of the victim (also known as co-victims, homicide survivors, and secondary victims) in a state of shock and uncertainty over the violent and unexpected loss. Secondary victims may experience a range of short-term and long-term psychological effects in the aftermath of a homicide, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. These effects are in addition to their grieving and other emotional states (e.g., rage, guilt, isolation), as well as the negative impacts a homicide can have on their productivity (e.g., academic, vocational, social). Despite the impact that a homicide has on secondary victims, the needs of this group are often neglected, as the focus of the police investigation is on apprehending the individual responsible for the crime. As the procedural requirements of the investigation take over, many secondary victims find themselves trying to cope with the loss of their loved one while navigating the unfamiliar processes of the criminal justice system. In the aftermath of a homicide, secondary victims want answers from police officials and help understanding the forthcoming legal process. However, this information can be hard for them to access, which only leads to increased frustration and trauma. Existing research has established that effective law enforcement requires engagement with and cooperation from the communities they serve. Voluntary support and cooperation from the community is essential for law enforcement agencies to maintain order and solve crimes. Studies on what affects community members’ willingness to come forward with information to support an investigation are less prevalent. Research is also limited on evaluating how community policing strategies increase community cooperation and the quality of investigations that may lead to an increase in cases cleared. Little is known about how support from homicide detectives can affect the level of cooperation received during an investigation. This work by CNA will serve as the first step by building the foundational knowledge for further evaluations of this topic. Given the profound impacts that a homicide has on secondary victims and their communities and the need to improve how these survivors are incorporated into the investigatory process, the Richmond (Virginia) Police Department implemented the first Homicide Support Group (HSG) in 2006. This is not to say that support for secondary victims did not exist before. Prior to the implementation of the HSG, secondary victims received support through U.S. Attorneys’ Offices, District/Commonwealth Attorneys’ Offices, victim advocates, courts, nonprofit organizations, and their own communities. However, law enforcement agencies lacked formalized internal policies, procedures, and services to specifically support secondary victims. Since the start of the Richmond HSG, a growing number of police departments (Fayetteville, North Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Charlotte- Mecklenburg, North Carolina; and Louisville, Kentucky) have adopted similar approaches to supporting secondary victims. 

Arlington VA: CNA, 2020. 30.

By Sara Rahman and Nadia Chronopoulos Theore

The Magistrates’ Early Referral into Treatment (MERIT) program is a voluntary, pre-plea program for adults in 62 NSW Local Courts. Participants have their court matters deferred for 12 weeks while they undergo drug and/or alcohol treatment. The program aims to improve participant health and reduce their risk of reoffending. It may also help participants demonstrate their potential for rehabilitation before sentencing.

We use justice, mortality, emergency department, hospital admissions, and ambulance data for 9,874 court appearances involving a MERIT referral and 322,711 court appearances for eligible defendants not referred to MERIT between 2012 and 2017. We then compare the outcomes for a matched group of MERIT and non-MERIT defendants against the cost of MERIT staffing, administration, and outpatient treatment in 2019 dollars.

Key findings

Figure 1 shows our estimates of the average costs and benefits in the two years after referral to the program. Our findings estimate the key benefits of a referral to MERIT to include:

• $4,552 in avoided prison costs over two years, from those referred to MERIT spending 22 fewer days in custody than those not referred to MERIT

• $1,185 in avoided community corrections costs and $1,069 in avoided victim costs, from those referred to MERIT committing 0.32 fewer reoffences in the first year after referral compared to those not referred to the program

• $116 in additional ambulance and emergency department costs.

Comparing these benefits to the estimated cost of MERIT of $6,339, the program results in a net present value of $887, equivalent to a return of $1.14 per dollar spent on the program. These results are robust to choices of discount rate and uncertainty in our statistical estimates.

• Publication series: Crime and justice bulletin. no. 266

Sydney:  NSW BUREAU OF CRIME STATISTICS AND RESEARCH -2024. 40p.

By Kate Holland, Kieran McGuinness, Kerry McCallum

This report documents findings and recommendations from the ‘Understanding Gambling Harms in the Digital Age’ research project (2022-2024) funded by the ACT Gambling and Racing Commission’s Harm Prevention and Mitigation Fund. The research aimed to explore community knowledge and awareness of gambling harms and to develop an evidence base for public communication strategies to inform the Commission’s work in educating the public about gambling harm. 

Structure of the report
Section 2 reviews contemporary national and international research on gambling harm and the shift from what has been a focus on ‘problem gambling’ and ‘problem gamblers’ as the evidence base for the harmful effects of gambling, to a public health approach that recognises the full spectrum of gambling harms within the community. This includes any negative outcomes of gambling behaviour impacting on financial, relationship, health, emotional, work, cultural or criminal circumstances of the gambler or those associated with the gambler. The report discusses evidence regarding the prevalence and types of harms of different modes of gambling, attitudes and beliefs about gambling and gambling harm, gambling advertising and different harm prevention and communication strategies.Sections 3 and 4 focus on the research findings which show many participants view gambling as harmful to the community but they also recognise that gambling is a normalised activity and part of everyday life, work, social and family relationships for many people. Many believe gambling advertising normalises gambling as a fun and social activity and support further restrictions in this area. Participants tend to associate harm from gambling with financial and relationship harms, extreme consequences and addiction. Stereotypes about who experiences gambling harm were evident and stigma was seen as a barrier that may prevent people from recognising harm, talking about it and seeking help. Section 5 of the report details findings of the final phase of the research, which involved developing and testing messages about gambling harm based on findings from earlier research phases. The themes ‘gambling harm can affect anyone’ and ‘gambling products, services and advertising are designed to keep you spending’ had the most engagement, resonance and impact with focus group participants. We discuss elements of gambling harm messages that worked and why. The final section of the report synthetises the research findings and provides 10 recommendations and advice on messaging content, design and implementation to assist the Commission in its efforts to reduce gambling harm through public health communication and education activities.

Canberra: University of Canberra, 2024.

By Yasmine Wong
The UK Home Office recently announced that it is considering treating extreme misogyny (i.e., hatred of or prejudice against women) as a form of extremism following an ongoing review of the government’s counter-extremism strategy. The government believes that misogyny is an ideological trend that is gaining traction and fuelling extremism in the country.At the centre of this phenomenon is the “manosphere” – a networked group of online communities promoting “anti-feminism, misogyny, and hateful ideas” about women and sexual minorities. Groups like “Incels” (involuntary celibates) and “Men’s Rights Activists” famously make up the manosphere. They have a violent and extremist edge and portray men as victims in a world that they perceive to be benefitting women and other minorities.The manosphere has, unfortunately, crept into the mainstream through the popularisation and dissemination of misogynistic narratives by social media personalities like Andrew Tate. That misogyny appears to be driving extremism and has the potential to cause societal polarisation suggests that it is no longer an ideological problem but has become a national security one.

Misogyny as a “Gateway Drug” to Violent Extremism

Far-right extremist attacks motivated by misogyny have surfaced in the last five years. In 2023, the perpetrator of the mall shooting in Allen, Texas, where eight people were killed, was found to have misogynistic, white supremacist and racist tendencies. In 2021, the gunman who killed eight people (of which six were Asian women) in Atlanta was believed to have been motivated by misogynistic and racist inclinations. In 2020, a man in Hanau, Germany, went on a shooting rampage, killing nine people. He was thought to have also been motivated by similar tendencies.Researchers hypothesise that misogyny has become a “gateway drug” to far-right violent extremism. This happens when the ideological frame that blames women for individual and societal ills is expanded to include ethnic or religious “others”, opening the cognitive door to wider forms of hate-based and exclusionary extremism against different identity groups.For instance, the perceived existential threat posed by feminism and gender equality on men has been likened to the perceived existential threat that migrants pose to the white male identity as initially outlined in “great replacement” or “white genocide” conspiracies. In other words, far-right actors employ misogyny in intersection with racism and xenophobia, blaming women, migrants, and other minorities for the decline of traditional notions of nationhood, family, and masculinity.

Misogyny Has Crept Into the Mainstream

Misogyny is no longer confined to the fringes of subcultures and communities; it has crept into the mainstream. The rise of online personalities like Andrew Tate, Jordan Peterson, Myron Gaines, and Walter Weekes, who peddle toxic masculinity, and misogynistic views, is a worrying trend. Tate, for example, exploits male fears about their economic futures and the threat to hegemonic masculinity. His social media content, often seen as “humorous” and “authentic”, serve as social currency among young men and boys.Social media algorithms are also complicit in the amplification of misogynistic content, pushing “toxic, hateful or misogynistic material” to young people (particularly boys suffering from anxiety and poor mental health) under the guise of entertainment. Researchers found a four-fold increase in misogynistic content recommended by TikTok’s algorithm over a five-day period of study, amping up to more extreme videos which focus on “anger and blame directed at women”.The results from a separate Australian study conducted in 2022 corroborate this, finding that algorithms used in YouTube and YouTube Shorts contributed to the promotion of “misogynistic, anti-feminist and other extremist content” to Australian boys and young men. A 2024 Irish study produced similar results – TikTok and YouTube recommended misogynist content to boys and young men regardless of whether they actively searched for it, with the intensity increasing according to the level of engagement.

Misogyny In Asia

In Asia, “male anger” allows misogynistic narratives and the broader extremist ideologies that they harbour to take root among a susceptible audience. In South Korea and Japan, there is an observed increase in misogynistic attacks inspired by elements of Incel ideology.In China, misogynistic terms and narratives similar to those used in Incel communities of the West are to be found in most social media platforms, with high-profile anti-feminist influencers like Zhu Zhou encouraging attacks against women who do not fulfil “reproductive duties”.In India, the flourishing Indian Incel community feeds off and exacerbates the misogyny already prevalent in Indian society, with violence meted out to women by men “who feel slighted or rejected by them”. Known as Currycels, Indian Incels believe that they are disadvantaged because of their race (as Indian women are thought to prefer White men) and that they are the victims of feminism.These examples appear to underscore the view that feminist progress and greater gender equality begets misogynistic backlash. It also raises the question of whether such misogyny will give rise to far-right extremism and violence in the future.

Implications for Singapore

While the popularity of manosphere content has not been ascertained in Singapore, local online spaces, particularly local Reddit communities and forums like HardwareZone and Sammyboy, do play host to misogynistic narratives. The narratives, particularly those that feature the privileges of women at the expense of men, have been observed to mirror narratives found in the manosphere.In r/Singapore (a community where Reddit users discuss topics relating to Singapore), users lament about institutions such as the Singapore legal system and national service favouring women and disadvantaging men. They argue that Singaporean women are not oppressed, which justifies ire against feminism and gender equality.A study conducted by the Association of Women for Action and Research (AWARE) found a host of misogyny in Singapore’s social media space, with content ranging from outright expressions of violence against women to narratives that reinforce gender stereotypes, with the most common being comments that belittled and objectified women. Misogynistic content was also found to have higher levels of engagement.The 2024 Ipsos survey found that almost half of Singaporeans think efforts toward women’s equality have gone so far that they now occur at the expense of men. Notably, men echo these statements at a far higher rate than women. Similarly, the results of a 2022 Ipsos survey conducted in Singapore mirror those of the 2024 study, where one in three Singaporean men believed that feminism does more harm than good, and that “traditional masculinity is under threat”, with a quarter denying the existence of gender inequality.While there may not be reported cases of misogyny directly leading to instances of far-right extremism in Singapore, this idea of “traditional masculinity being under threat” evokes concerning parallels with misogynistic narratives that serve as rallying calls in far-right spaces.Furthermore, Singapore remains highly connected to the Internet, and a survey revealed that online misogyny is commonplace. It also reported that six in ten young people spoke of being exposed to sensitive content (including gender-based hate) without searching for it. The proliferation of misogynistic (and incel-adjacent) narratives online may be an indication that conditions exist that are conducive for such extremist ideologies to take root here.

Conclusion

Regardless of how misogyny and the gender divide present themselves, the resultant impact is the same – the exacerbation of polarisation along intersecting identity lines and the rise of extremism. Rather than normalising the gender divide and misogynistic attitudes, it is imperative to understand the risks associated with the global growth of misogyny, not just in its insidious role in violent extremism, but also its potential to damage the social fabric.

Singapore,  S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS),   2024. 4p.

By Katie Lazaro with Luigi De Martino, Olivia Denonville, Nathalie Fauvarque, Nicolas Florquin, and Lionel Kosirnik, with inputs from Small Arms Survey staff members and consultants.

The year 2023 was significant for a number of reasons. It saw the conclusion of Daniel de Torres’ successful stewardship as director of the Small Arms Survey, and so we thank him for his dedicated service to the Survey over the last four years. This year also marked the final year of the Survey’s five-year strategy and the completion of significant projects such as Strengthening Implementation and Enforcement of the Arms Embargo on North Korea, as well as the announcement of Mark Downes' appointment as the Survey’s new director.  For the Survey, it was a year underlined by innovation, with in-depth regional studies on the socio-economic costs of armed violence in the Caribbean, the trafficking of improvised explosive device components in West Africa, and arms proliferation in Afghanistan, as well as an update to the Global Violent Deaths database. More worryingly for the arms control and armed violence reduction agendas, 2023 saw the reversal of progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 16.1. With increases in conflict-related deaths around the world (including in occupied Palestinian territory, Sudan, and Ukraine), ongoing challenges to real-world implementation of legal arms control measures designed to prevent gender-based violence in parts of Latin America, and the ever-increasing threat of privately made firearms—ranging from artisanal weapons to 3D printed firearms—this past year could be described as a turning point for our agenda.

Geneva, SWIT: Small Arms Survey, 2024. 23p.

By André Brock, Jr.

From BlackPlanet to #BlackGirlMagic, Distributed Blackness places Blackness at the very center of internet culture. André Brock Jr. claims issues of race and ethnicity as inextricable from and formative of contemporary digital culture in the United States. Distributed Blackness analyzes a host of platforms and practices (from Black Twitter to Instagram, YouTube, and app development) to trace how digital media have reconfigured the meanings and performances of African American identity. Brock moves beyond widely circulated deficit models of respectability, bringing together discourse analysis with a close reading of technological interfaces to develop nuanced arguments about how “Blackness” gets worked out in various technological domains.

As Brock demonstrates, there’s nothing niche or subcultural about expressions of Blackness on social media: internet use and practice now set the terms for what constitutes normative participation. Drawing on critical race theory, linguistics, rhetoric, information studies, and science and technology studies, Brock tabs between Black-dominated technologies, websites, and social media to build a set of Black beliefs about technology. In explaining Black relationships with and alongside technology, Brock centers the unique joy and sense of community in being Black online now.

New York: NYU Press, 2020 266p.

By Megan K. McBride, Zack Gold, Pamela G. Faber, and Kaia Haney With contributions by William Rosenau and Alexander Powell

Concern about extremism in the military did not begin with the January 6 insurrection on the US Capitol, but media reporting on the issue increased in the wake of the attack, which ensured the kind of sustained attention that is often necessary to compel action. On February 5, Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin directed a force-wide stand-down to address the problem. He also asked the Countering Extremism Working Group to update the Department of Defense (DOD) definition of extremist activities, update training modules so that transitioning servicemembers are aware that they might be targeted for recruitment by extremist organizations, and review the screening questions for new recruits in order to solicit information about extremist behavior. As part of a CNA-initiated project to examine past efforts to address extremism in the US military, we identified a number of interesting parallels between this issue and the problem of sexual harassment and sexual assault. The purpose of this paper is to describe and explain these parallels, and to identify lessons that DOD should learn from its past experiences trying to address sexual harassment and assault in the context of its current challenge with racial extremism. Critically, we are not arguing that DOD’s approach to sexual harassment and sexual assault has been successful. Nor are we arguing that sexual harassment, sexual assault, and racial extremism are equivalent or comparable violations. Our argument is more modest: DOD’s approach to sexual harassment and sexual assault contains elements that are relevant to the problem of racial extremism and could provide a foundation on which to identify both helpful and unhelpful ways of approaching this issue.

Arlington, VA: CNA, 2021. 72p.

By Manfred Halpern

Defensive Aggressiveness: Groups may retreat to defensive aggressiveness, risking repression of individual consciousness and creativity.

Group vs. Individual: True societal transformation requires new individual consciousness and creativity, not just group victories.

Racism and Ideologies: Racism is compared to other ideologies like nationalism and revolution, showing how they can become reified and lead to incoherence.

Global Comparisons: The document compares the capacity of different societies, including American and African Blacks, to deal with continuity,change, collaboration, conflict, and justice in the face of incoherence.

Race and Nations Monograph Series, 1970, 41 pages

May Contain Markup

By John E. Tropman

Dualistic Perspective on Values: The book explores the idea that values come in pairs of partially contradictory concepts, such as permission and control.

Alcohol in American Society: It examines the historical shifts in attitudes toward alcohol in the U.S., highlighting the cyclical nature of permission and control.

Cultural and Social Systems: The interaction between social and cultural systems is discussed, emphasizing how changes in one can lead to changes in the other.

Permission/Control Balance: The book delves into the balance between permissions and control in society, particularly in the context of alcohol use.

University Press of America, 1986, 105 pages

May Contain Markup

By Murray Clark Havens, Carl Leiden & Karl M. Schmitt

Nature of Assassination: The book explores the definition, scope, andstate of knowledge on political assassinations, emphasizing their impact on political systems.

Case Studies: It includes detailed case studies of notable assassinations,such as Martin Luther King Jr., Henrik Verwoerd, and Patrice Lumumba,analyzing the assassins, conspiracies, and impacts.

Impact Analysis: The authors discuss the varying impacts of assassinations, from negligible to destructive, on political systems,personnel, and policies.

Research Challenges: The book highlights the difficulties in studying assassinations, including data collection and interpretation, and calls for further research in this area.

Prentice-Hall, 1970, 174 pages

By Jake Addams

Social Service and Progressive Party: The document discusses the role of Hull-House in social reform and its connection to larger movements,including the Progressive Party and various social surveys.

Efforts for Peace: It highlights efforts for peace during World War I,including the Woman's International Peace Congress and the FordPeace Ship.

Immigration and Quota Acts: The document examines the impact of immigration policies and quota acts on families and communities,emphasizing the challenges faced by immigrants.

Education and Integration: It underscores the importance of education in integrating immigrants and the role of settlements in providing educational opportunities.

Macmillan, 1930, 413 pages

May Contain Markup

By Carol J. Adams

Feminist-Vegetarian Connection: The book explores the interconnections between feminism and vegetarianism, arguing that both movements challenge patriarchal structures and the oppression of animals and women.

Patriarchal Culture: It discusses how patriarchal culture authorizes the eating of animals and links this to male dominance and control.

Historical Context: The book provides a historical analysis of vegetarianism and its ties to feminist movements, particularly from the1790s to the present.

Cultural Critique: It critiques how meat consumption is embedded in cultural norms and language, reinforcing gender roles and violence.

Continuum, 2000, 256 pages

May Contain Markup

By Samuel E. Wallace

Two Ways of Living: The document contrasts two lifestyles within the economic system: one bound by societal obligations and the other, amore carefree, nomadic existence.

Skid Row Research: The author conducted extensive research on skidrow, including participant observation and interviews, to understand the community's way of life.

Historical Context: Skid row has been a subject of study for over a century, with numerous empirical studies, biographies, and programmatic statements documenting its existence and the lives of its inhabitants.

References: The document contains many references to previous studies, reports, and literature on skid row and related topics.

Bedminster Press, 1965, 219 pages

May Contain Markup

By Leon Ray Livingston

Book Overview: "The Trail of the Tramp" by Leon Ray Livingston, also known as A-No. 1, is a narrative based on the author's own experiences as a tramp.

Content Summary: The book includes various chapters detailing different aspects of tramp life, such as "The Harvester," "TheSamaritans," and "The Wages of Sin is Death."

Publication Details: This edition was republished in 2010 using Print onDemand technology, which may result in typos or missing text due to the condition of the original book.

Availability: The book can be purchased from newsagents, train stations, and book stores, and a free digital copy is available on the publisher's website.

A-No. 1 publishing Company, 1913, 71 pages