Eduted By Graeme R. Newman

Crime and Custom in Colonial Society brings together, for the first time in a single volume, the complete stories from In Court and Kampong and In Days That Are Dead by Hugh Clifford—newly introduced and contextualized by Graeme Newman for modern readers.

Set in British Malaya at the height of empire, these vivid and often unsettling narratives explore a world where radically different systems of law, morality, and social obligation collide. In the kampong villages, life is governed by custom, kinship, and deeply rooted traditions. In the colonial courts, British officials impose formal legal codes that claim universality but often fail to grasp the lived realities of the people they judge. Between these two worlds lies a fraught and morally ambiguous terrain—one in which the meaning of “crime” itself is constantly contested.

Taking its title as a deliberate echo of Crime and Custom in Savage Society by Bronisław Malinowski, this volume invites readers to reconsider one of the central questions of legal and social theory: how do societies define wrongdoing, and what gives law its authority? Where Malinowski revealed the internal coherence of indigenous systems of custom, Clifford’s stories expose the tensions, misunderstandings, and injustices that arise when those systems are overridden by colonial power.

These tales are more than historical curiosities. They are gripping human dramas—stories of loyalty and betrayal, honor and punishment, authority and resistance—told with the insight of a colonial administrator who witnessed firsthand the complexities of governing a plural society. At the same time, they offer a profound meditation on legal pluralism, cultural conflict, and the limits of imposed justice—issues that remain urgently relevant in today’s globalized world.

This new edition features a substantial scholarly introduction by Graeme Newman, situating Clifford’s work within the broader traditions of criminology, anthropology, and colonial history. Crime and Custom in Colonial Society will appeal to readers of historical fiction, students of law and sociology, and anyone interested in the enduring question of how law is shaped by culture—and how it, in turn, shapes human lives.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. 297p.

Edited by Graeme R. Newman

Step out of the shadow of 221B Baker Street and into the gaslit world of the "Great Detectives."

While Sherlock Holmes reigned supreme in the pages of The Strand, he was far from the only mind at work in the fog-choked streets of Victorian London. "Beyond Sherlock Holmes: The Rivals, Rogues, and Rationalists of the Golden Age" is a definitive collection of public domain masterpieces that defined the evolution of the modern thriller.

From the "ratiocination" of Edgar Allan Poe to the forensic laboratories of Dr. Thorndyke, this anthology gathers the brilliant specialists who refined, subverted, and occasionally haunted the detective genre. These are the stories that gave Holmes his fiercest competition—characters who used logic, science, and even the occult to solve the "impossible."

Inside this collection, you will discover:

• The Forensic Pioneers: Join Dr. Thorndyke as he utilizes the first true "mobile crime lab" to solve murders through microscopic analysis.

• The Logic Masters: Witness The Thinking Machine prove that "two and two make four" by thinking his way out of an inescapable prison cell.

• The Shadow Detectives: Meet Max Carrados, the blind investigator whose heightened senses allow him to observe truths that even Holmes would miss.

• The Occult Investigators: Follow Thomas Carnacki as he bridges the gap between science and the supernatural to hunt "monsters" through the lens of logic.

• The Mastermind Villains: Face the terrifying ambition of Dr. Nikola, the Victorian "supervillain" whose global reach predates Bond villains by half a century.

• The Gentleman Thieves: Cross the line with A.J. Raffles and Arsène Lupin, the brilliant "cracksmen" who prove that the detective’s mind is just as effective when applied to the perfect heist.

A Must-Have for Fans of Classic Mystery

Whether you are a scholar of criminology or a lover of "Victorian Shockers," this volume offers a panoramic view of an era defined by gaslight, cobblestones, and the birth of forensic science. Curated with an extensive introduction detailing the history and impact of these "Rivals of Sherlock," this book is more than a collection—it is a journey through the evolution of the human mind at work.

Stories included in this edition: THE MURDERS IN THE RUE MORGUE, Edgar Allan Poe-- THE CASE OF LAKER, ABSCONDED, Arthur Morrison-- THE CASE OF THE DIXON TORPEDO, Arthur Morrison-- THE PROBLEM OF CELL 13, Jacques Futrelle-- THE SILENT BULLET, Austin Freeman-- THE COIN OF DIONYSIUS, Ernest Bramah-- THE GATEWAY OF THE MONSTER, Wiliam Hope Hodgson-- THE RED LODGE, Russell Wakefield-- THE ADVENTURE OF THE SPECKLED BAND, Arthur Conan Doyle-- THE IDES OF MARCH, E.W.Hornung-- THE ARREST OF ARSÈNE LUPIN, Maurice Leblanc.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. 330p.

By Edgar Wallace. Edited and Introduced by Graeme R. Newman

The Flying Squad by Edgar Wallace is a fast-paced and compelling crime novel that captures the excitement of modern policing at a time when organized crime was becoming more daring and sophisticated.

At the heart of the story is the Metropolitan Police’s elite Flying Squad, a special unit created to respond swiftly to robberies and high-stakes criminal operations. When a series of bold and carefully planned crimes begins to unsettle London, the Squad is called into action. Moving quickly across the city, they pursue a network of criminals whose intelligence and audacity make them a formidable adversary.

As the investigation unfolds, secrets emerge, alliances shift, and danger lurks at every turn. Wallace’s trademark storytelling—sharp, direct, and filled with tension—drives the narrative forward with relentless energy. The novel blends action, mystery, and suspense, offering readers both the thrill of the chase and the intrigue of a cleverly constructed plot.

Written during the golden age of crime fiction, The Flying Squad reflects a turning point in detective storytelling, where teamwork, rapid response, and coordinated strategy replace the lone investigator. Wallace’s vivid depiction of London and his insight into both criminal enterprise and police procedure give the novel a sense of realism that remains engaging today.

This classic edition invites modern readers to experience one of Edgar Wallace’s most dynamic works—a gripping tale of crime, pursuit, and justice that continues to influence the thriller genre nearly a century after its first publication.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. p.213..

BEYOND SCOTLAND YARD

By Edgar Wallace. Edited and Introduced by Graeme R. Newman

The Spies and Criminals of Edgar Wallace — More Than Scotland Yard — Volume 7 brings together three of Edgar Wallace’s most gripping and atmospheric crime novels: The Clue of the Twisted Candle, The Crimson Circle, and The Dark Eyes of London. Each story reveals a different facet of Wallace’s extraordinary ability to craft suspenseful, fast-moving narratives filled with mystery, danger, and unforgettable characters.

In The Clue of the Twisted Candle, a baffling locked-room murder sets the stage for a clever and intricate investigation where appearances deceive and every clue leads deeper into uncertainty. The Crimson Circle introduces a shadowy organization operating beyond the reach of the law, weaving a tense story of blackmail, secrecy, and hidden power that keeps readers guessing until the final page. In The Dark Eyes of London, Wallace delivers one of his most chilling tales, exposing a sinister criminal scheme concealed beneath a façade of respectability, where vulnerability is exploited with ruthless precision.

Together, these novels move beyond the traditional boundaries of Scotland Yard detection and into a wider world of conspiracy, psychological tension, and hidden networks of crime. Wallace’s trademark style—swift pacing, sharp dialogue, and ingenious plotting—drives each story forward with relentless energy.

This volume offers a powerful showcase of Edgar Wallace at his most compelling, blending classic mystery with darker, more complex themes that continue to resonate with modern readers. For fans of vintage thrillers, detective fiction, and suspenseful storytelling, Volume 7 delivers three unforgettable journeys into the heart of crime and intrigue.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. p.417..

Edited by Sir Hugh Greene

The Further Rivals of Sherlock Holmes is the third volume in Hugh Greene’s celebrated series of anthologies that revive lesser‑known detective fiction from the Victorian and Edwardian eras. First published in 1973, this collection focuses particularly on crime and mystery stories set outside London, offering a contrast to the urban investigations associated with Sherlock Holmes.

Greene gathers an eclectic mix of authors—from C. L. Pirkis to Ernest Bramah, Arthur Morrison, Fergus Hume, Jacques Futrelle, and others—presenting detectives with distinct personalities, investigative styles, and moral shades. The volume features a blend of traditional detection, espionage, psychological mystery, and even touches of the gothic. Stories include cases solved by women detectives like Dora Myrl and unusual protagonists such as Judith Lee, a young lip‑reader who cracks crime through observation and intuition.

What defines this anthology is its sense of variety and rediscovery. Greene chose stories that had been overshadowed by Conan Doyle’s dominance but which reveal the richness and diversity of early crime fiction—full of ingenuity, twisted plots, and vivid period atmosphere. Together, these tales expand the world of detective literature, showcasing that Holmes was only one among many fascinating sleuths of his time.

If you’d like, I can also summarize individual stories, compare this volume with the rest of the series, or help locate a cover image.

New York.. Pantheon. 1973. 318p.

Edited by Hugh Greene

The Rivals of Sherlock Holmes is a classic anthology compiled by Hugh Greene that showcases a wide range of lesser‑known detective stories from the late Victorian and Edwardian eras. Greene sought to highlight the vibrant landscape of crime and mystery fiction that flourished alongside, and sometimes even before or beyond, Conan Doyle’s famous detective. The collection illustrates that Sherlock Holmes, while dominant today, once stood among many competing sleuths created by equally imaginative writers.

The stories Greene selected feature diverse detectives—amateur investigators, professional policemen, scientific detectives, con‑artists‑turned‑sleuths, and eccentric specialists—reflecting the creativity of the period’s crime fiction. The settings also vary widely, from London fog to rural estates, bustling streets, and exotic locales, providing a vivid panorama of the era. The anthology’s purpose is not only entertainment but also a historical reminder: Doyle was not alone in shaping detective fiction, and readers once had many “rivals” to choose from.

The cover of this edition visually underscores its period atmosphere. It depicts two men in period clothing—one standing, one lying across a cart—set against a Victorian street scene marked by signs such as “Bottle Water” and “Cork Board,” evoking the gritty, textured world these early detectives inhabited. [amazon.com]

New York.. Pantheon. 1970. 352p.

BEYOND SCOTLAND YARD

By Edgar Wallace. Edited and Introduced by Graeme R. Newman

THE SHADOW OF THE YARD

From the fog-bound labyrinth of a madman’s lair to the sun-drenched deception of the Riviera, Volume 6 of The Spies and Criminals of Edgar Wallace brings together three masterclasses in suspense. Here, the "King of the Thriller" pits the unassuming brilliance of Scotland Yard’s allies against the most cold-blooded predators of the jazz age.
Terror Keep
The genius of the "criminal mind" returns. J.G. Reeder—the mild-mannered investigator with the tightly furled umbrella—faces his deadliest foe: a homicidal mastermind escaped from Broadmoor and hungry for revenge. It is a race through a house of traps where death waits behind every door.
The Angel of Death
She has the face of a saint and the soul of a sociopath. Jean Briggerland is a predator who uses her beauty to mask a trail of broken lives and stolen fortunes. Can justice touch a woman who makes the law her accomplice?
The Melody of Death
A haunting tune signals a countdown to doom. Driven by a desperate secret, a man plunges into the underworld to secure a future for the woman he loves. But in Wallace’s London, every crime has a rhythm, and every rhythm has a price.
Three novels. Two legendary detectives. One master of mystery. "Whether it’s a master forger or a murderous socialite, Wallace never misses a beat."

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. p.373..

BEYOND SCOTLAND YARD

By Edgar Wallace. Edited and Introduced by Graeme R. Newman
Welcome to the fifth volume of The Spies and Criminals of Edgar Wallace — Beyond Scotland Yard., Volume 5. As we continue our journey through the vast, thrilling archives of the man who once had a book on every bedside table in England, we move away from the procedural confines of the Yard and into the shadowy territories of global conspiracies and nocturnal terrors. Edgar Wallace was never just a writer of "whodunnits." He was a pioneer of the "thriller" in its most visceral form—a master of the ticking clock, the hidden organization, and the villain whose reach spans continents.
The Fourth Plague (1913). One of Wallace’s most ambitious early works, The Fourth Plague introduces us to the "Red Hand," a sinister Italian secret society that holds London in a grip of terror. This isn't a mere case of theft or individual murder; the Red Hand threatens the very fabric of society with a biological ultimatum. Wallace masterfully blends the tropes of the "Yellow Peril" and Italian vendetta narratives of his era into a high-stakes race against time. It is a proto-techno-thriller that showcases Wallace’s fascination with how easily modern civilization can be brought to its knees by a dedicated few.
A King by Night (1925). Written at the height of his fame and dedicated to his close friend P.G. Wodehouse, A King by Night is a different beast entirely. When a young woman from Sacramento arrives in London searching for her missing uncle, she is swept into a nightmare involving a mysterious, legendary criminal known as "The King." Set against a backdrop of fog-drenched streets and eerie country estates, this novel highlights Wallace’s ability to create a sense of mounting dread. It is a classic example of his "terror" novels—where the villain is not just a man, but a looming, almost supernatural presence.
Why "Beyond Scotland Yard"? While the "Blue Eyed Boy" of the C.I.D. often made appearances in Wallace’s work, these stories remind us that the most dangerous criminals don't always leave a trail the police can follow. Sometimes, it takes an adventurer, a victim’s desperate relative, or a rogue investigator to venture into the places where the law fears to tread.
In Volume 5, the stakes are higher, the villains are bolder, and the mysteries are shrouded in the dark corners of the world. Turn the page, and prepare to meet the criminals who thought they were beyond the reach of justice—only to find that Edgar Wallace was waiting for them.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. p.395..

BEYOND SCOTLAND YARD

By Edgar Wallace. Edited and Introduced by Graeme R. Newman

The Spies and Criminals of Edgar Wallace: Scotland Yard and Beyond — Volume 4 brings readers two of Edgar Wallace’s most entertaining and unusual adventure novels: Bones and Bones in London. Blending humor, mystery, and crime with the author’s trademark pace and vivid storytelling, these stories reveal a lighter but no less thrilling side of Wallace’s imagination.

At the center of both novels is the unforgettable character Bones, a well-meaning but wildly unpredictable figure whose adventures unfold amid colonial intrigue, bureaucratic mishaps, and unexpected encounters with criminals and conspirators. In Bones, readers travel to the colorful and often chaotic world of colonial Africa, where the enthusiastic but frequently misguided Bones attempts to prove his courage and competence while stumbling into one outrageous situation after another.

In Bones in London, the action moves to the heart of the British capital. Far from the jungles and rivers of Africa, Bones finds himself navigating the complexities of metropolitan life, where his talent for attracting trouble follows him wherever he goes. What begins as a simple visit soon becomes entangled with crime, deception, and the watchful presence of Scotland Yard.

Filled with sharp dialogue, comic mishaps, and moments of genuine suspense, these two novels showcase Edgar Wallace’s remarkable range as a storyteller. Famous for his crime thrillers and detective tales, Wallace was equally skilled at creating characters whose humanity and humor shine through even in the midst of danger.

Volume 4 of The Spies and Criminals of Edgar Wallace offers readers another captivating installment in this series celebrating the work of one of the most widely read writers of the early twentieth century. For fans of classic adventure, crime fiction, and unforgettable characters, these lively stories remain as engaging and entertaining today as when they were first published.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. p.304..

SCOTLAND YARD AND BEYOND

By Edgar Wallace. Edited and Introduced by Graeme R. Newman

The Spies and Criminals of Edgar Wallace: Scotland Yard and More — Volume 3 brings together two exciting works by one of the most prolific and entertaining masters of crime fiction. Edgar Wallace’s stories of clever criminals, daring investigators, and ingenious plots captivated millions of readers in the early twentieth century, and they continue to deliver suspense and adventure today.

This volume features The Adventures of Heine, a lively collection of tales centered on one of Wallace’s most intriguing characters. Moving through the underworld of international intrigue and high-stakes deception, Heine encounters spies, smugglers, and master criminals in stories filled with wit, danger, and unexpected twists. Wallace’s fast-paced storytelling and sharp dialogue make each episode a memorable adventure.

Also included is the gripping novel The Girl from Scotland Yard, a thrilling story that places a determined investigator at the center of a web of mystery and crime. As secrets unfold and danger closes in, the story showcases Wallace’s remarkable ability to blend suspense, clever plotting, and dramatic tension.

Together these works reveal the rich variety of Wallace’s crime fiction—from clever short adventures to full-length mystery. Filled with secret schemes, daring investigations, and the ever-present struggle between crime and justice, Volume 3 of The Spies and Criminals of Edgar Wallace offers another exciting glimpse into the world of classic detective storytelling.

Perfect for readers who enjoy classic mysteries, Scotland Yard investigations, and the golden age of crime fiction, this collection continues the tradition of suspense and adventure that made Edgar Wallace one of the most widely read thriller writers of his time.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. p.373..

 SCOTLAND YARD AND BEYOND

By Edgar Wallace. Edited and introduced by Graeme R. Newman

From the shadowed streets of London to the secret worlds of spies and master criminals, Edgar Wallace delivers the kind of high-speed storytelling that made him one of the most widely read writers of his age.

The Spies and Criminals of Edgar Wallace — Volume 1 gathers a thrilling selection of Wallace’s most entertaining tales of intrigue, deception, and daring adventure. Within these pages readers encounter brilliant detectives, elusive thieves, secret societies, and dangerous conspiracies that challenge the keenest minds of Scotland Yard. Each story unfolds with Wallace’s trademark pace—swift, suspenseful, and filled with surprising twists.

A master of popular fiction, Wallace combined sharp dialogue, vivid characters, and ingenious plots to create stories that remain as gripping today as when they first captivated readers in the early twentieth century.

This exciting new edition invites modern readers to rediscover a classic voice of crime fiction and experience the suspense, wit, and adventure that made Edgar Wallace a legend of the thriller.

By Hugh Clifford (Author), Graeme Newman (Introduction)

Studies in Brown Humanity by Sir Hugh Clifford is a striking collection of literary sketches drawn from the author’s experiences as a British colonial administrator in the Malay Peninsula during the late nineteenth century. Blending storytelling with observation, Clifford presents a series of vivid portraits of village life, local customs, personal conflicts, and dramatic encounters shaped by the social structures of colonial Southeast Asia. The narratives explore themes of honor, betrayal, justice, and authority, often focusing on moments when traditional Malay codes of conduct collide with the legal and moral framework imposed by the British colonial state.

Although written as literary sketches rather than formal social analysis, the book provides revealing insights into the ways communities understand wrongdoing and punishment. Clifford’s stories depict acts of violence, disputes over reputation, and conflicts between individuals and authority, illustrating how social norms, kinship ties, and communal expectations shape both criminal behavior and responses to it. In this sense, the work can be read not only as colonial literature but also as an early, informal contribution to the sociological study of crime and social control.

At the same time, Studies in Brown Humanity reflects the attitudes and assumptions of its imperial context. Clifford’s interpretations are filtered through the perspective of a European observer, and the book reveals much about the intellectual climate of the British Empire at the turn of the twentieth century. For modern readers, the volume is therefore both a vivid narrative of colonial life and a historical document that illuminates how crime, justice, and cultural difference were understood within the framework of empire.

Rich in atmosphere and dramatic detail, Clifford’s work remains valuable today as a window into the complex social worlds of colonial Southeast Asia and as a reminder of how early narratives about crime and punishment were shaped by the cultural and political conditions of their time.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2026. 291p.

By Arthur Train. Introduction by Graeme R. Newman

The transition of the American legal system from the rough-and-tumble nineteenth century into the more structured, investigative era of the early twentieth century is nowhere more vividly captured than in Arthur Train’s True Stories of Crime from the District Attorney’s Office. As an Assistant District Attorney for New York County during a period of rapid urbanization and social upheaval, Train occupied a unique vantage point that allowed him to witness the collision of old-world criminal archetypes with the emerging complexities of modern life. This collection of narratives serves as a clinical yet deeply compelling autopsy of the era’s most notorious legal battles, offering readers a rare glimpse into the machinery of justice at a time when forensic science was in its infancy and the power of the prosecutor’s office was expanding into new, uncharted territories.

Train’s work is particularly significant for its early exploration of what would eventually be termed white-collar crime. While the public imagination of 1908 was often captured by tales of blunt violence and physical daring, Train directs his focus toward the "super-criminal"—the manipulative mastermind who utilized the administrative and financial structures of the city as their primary tools of exploitation. Through these accounts, we see the emergence of a new kind of threat that required a equally sophisticated response from the legal establishment. Train describes a landscape where economic desperation and social isolation were the primary drivers of criminal behavior, yet he also highlights the systemic vulnerabilities that allowed institutional fraud to flourish. By documenting these cases, he provides a foundation for the study of victimology, illustrating how the legal system often struggled to keep pace with the evolving ingenuity of those who sought to undermine it.

Beyond their historical and legal value, these stories possess a narrative vitality that reflects the tension between the sensationalism of early tabloid journalism and the rigorous demands of the courtroom. Train’s prose is informed by his experiences on the front lines of the District Attorney’s office, where the outcome of a trial often hinged as much on rhetorical flair and personal intuition as it did on physical evidence. In revisiting these cases today, we are invited to consider the persistent challenges of defining and delivering justice within a complex bureaucracy. Train does not shy away from the moral ambiguities of his profession, and his reflections on the nature of guilt and the limitations of the law remain strikingly relevant. This volume stands not only as a record of forgotten crimes but as an enduring meditation on the social fabric of a metropolis in flux, capturing the moment when the modern era of criminal justice truly began.

Read-Me.Org Inc. 2026. 184p.

By Afshin rad

The document The Inner Beams by Afshin Rad is a historical novel set in East Berlin during the final years of the Cold War, focusing on the brutal atmosphere created by the East German Ministry of State Security, the Stasi. The narrative combines political history with a deeply personal story, illustrating how authoritarianism corrodes ordinary lives. It opens with a preface explaining the power and reach of the Stasi, an organization that employed nearly a hundred thousand agents and twice as many informants under the chilling slogan that anyone who “thinks differently” is an enemy.

The story follows Nadia, a young, marginalized woman surviving on the fringes of society through prostitution while raising her daughter Maya. Despite her poverty, stigmatization, and abuse at the hands of neighbors and strangers, she displays resilience and a rebellious spirit. Her life becomes entangled with the violence and hypocrisy of both the state and the church. She is alternately vilified and desired, caught between accusations of being a spy and exploitation by priests who hide their own corruption.

As events unfold, Nadia becomes a victim of the Stasi’s cruelty. She is imprisoned, tortured, and left for dead, only to be saved by a compassionate old man who hides her and helps her plan to reclaim her daughter, who has been taken by Party officials. Their efforts culminate in a daring but tragic attempt to rescue the child from a powerful regime family. The old man sacrifices his life to protect Nadia, while she herself endures near-death encounters in the collapsing state.

Against the backdrop of the Berlin Wall’s fall and the chaos of 1989, Nadia’s fate is sealed in both tragedy and symbolic triumph. Though she dies violently, her memory and sacrifice become a posthumous inspiration. Her grave, once marked with disdain, is later reclaimed as a shrine to freedom, with an epitaph honoring her rebellious spirit.

The work blends history, fiction, and allegory to show how individuals—especially the marginalized and forgotten—resist oppression and become unwilling martyrs of liberty. Through Nadia’s story, the book captures the human cost of totalitarianism while leaving readers with a sense of dignity, defiance, and the enduring value of freedom.

Read-Me.Org Inc. New York-Philadelphia-Australia. 2025. 77p.

By Paul McGorrery

In sentencing an offender, courts take many factors into account, such as the seriousness of the offence, the offender’s prior record, their age, whether they pleaded guilty and many others. In Australia, courts do this through an approach known as instinctive synthesis, meaning they consider all the factors that can justify a sentence being more or less severe and then arrive at a final outcome. One of the factors that courts may take into account is whether the offender has already been punished in some fashion outside the criminal justice process. Known as extra-curial punishment3 (or extra judicial or natural5 punishment) this can take various forms such as visa cancellation,6 loss of chosen career, injury to the offender8 and hardship to the offender’s family. This report is concerned with just one form of extra-curial punishment: adverse media coverage, in particular, of people. The media and the courts have an important and symbiotic relationship, but sometimes their interests can diverge. The media have an interest in reporting on criminal justice matters because they are often stories of considerable interest to their audiences. In reporting on those stories, the media often concentrate their attentions ‘on the exceptional and unusual among serious crimes’, which can lead to ‘intense and often emotive media reporting’ about sentencing. This can run the risk of undermining, rather than promoting, confidence in the justice system.

Courts in turn have an interest in having their decisions reported. Confidence in the judicial arm of the criminal justice system relies on a combination of community awareness about what courts do, the transparency of their work, and the apparent fairness of their decisions, which can only be scrutinised if there is transparency and community awareness. Moreover, the sentencing purpose of general deterrence – whereby the sentencing of one offender is thought to deter other people from engaging in similar behaviour – is realistically only achievable (if at all) if the media and/or government operate as the conduit between the courts and the community. While some courts have taken the very laudable step of making most of their sentencing remarks publicly available, many people do not even have time to read media summaries, let alone original source material like sentencing remarks, especially in the social media age. So the community realistically only becomes aware of sentencing decisions through the media. The difficulty is balancing the need for fair coverage (the courts’ priority) with the need for interesting coverage (the media’s priority). Justice Harper has described the relationship as like a ‘Greek tragedy’ because ‘[e]ach is forced by its circumstances to face the other off, with neither having the flexibility necessary to reach a satisfactory working compromise’.

Malbourne: Sentencing Advisory Council (VIC), 2022. 24p.

By David de Boer

For victims of persecution, attracting international awareness of their plight is often a matter of life and death. This book uncovers how in seventeenth-century Europe, persecuted minorities first learned how to use the press as a weapon to combat religious persecution. To mobilize foreign audiences, they faced an acute dilemma: how to make people care about distant suffering? This study argues that by answering this question, they laid the foundations of a humanitarian culture in Europe. The book reveals how, as consuming news became an everyday practice for many Europeans, the Dutch Republic emerged as an international hub of printed protest against religious violence. It traces how a diverse group of people, including Waldensian refugees, Huguenot ministers, Savoyard officeholders, and many others, all sought access to the Dutch printing presses to raise transnational solidarity for their cause. By examining their publicity strategies, this study deepens our understanding of how people tried to confront the specter of religious violence that had haunted them for generations.

UA Open. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2023. 225p.

By Martha Grace Duncan

An ex-convict struggles with his addictive yearning for prison. A law-abiding citizen broods over his pleasure in violent, illegal acts. A prison warden loses his job because he is so successful in rehabilitating criminals. These are but a few of the intriguing stories Martha Grace Duncan examines in her bold, interdisciplinary book Romantic Outlaws, Beloved Prisons.
Duncan writes: "This is a book about paradoxes and mingled yarns - about the bright sides of dark events, the silver linings of sable clouds." She portrays upright citizens who harbor a strange liking for criminal deeds, and criminals who conceive of prison in positive terms: as a nurturing mother, an academy, a matrix of spiritual rebirth, or a refuge from life's trivia. In developing her unique vision, Duncan draws on literature, history, psychoanalysis, and law. Her work reveals a nonutopian world in which criminals and non-criminals--while injuring each other in obvious ways--nonetheless live together in a symbiotic as well as an adversarial relationship, needing each other, serving each other, enriching each other's lives in profound and surprising fashion.

UA. Open. New York; London: NYU Press, 1996. 284p.